Shocks, electric protection against

Protection against electrical shocks (device and or connections)... 

After the sample is applied to the dampened piece of paper, the paper is placed in the electrophoresis chamber so that both ends are in contact with reservoirs of the electrophoresis buffer at the electrodes (Fig. 4-4). If the origin line is not in the center of the paper, the paper must be positioned to allow maximum migration toward the correct electrode. After the chamber is covered or closed to protect against electric shock, an electric field is applied to the system. 

The SWGR and MCC eqnipment are invariably housed in a building or enclosed module, or at least effectively protected against bad weather and aggressive environmental conditions. The constrnction is therefore of the metal clad type, in which all the live parts are housed in a mild-steel sheet metal enclosure. The enclosure is sub-divided so that personnel may work safely on some compartments without danger or the risk of electric shock. 

It has become standard practice in recent years to use sensitive earth leakage current detectors in circuit breakers to further protect against electric shock. The current sensitivity can be chosen from a range of standard current values, e.g. 30, 100, 500 and 1000 mA. The 30 mA sensitivity is used at individual consumer sub-circuits, e.g. feeders to domestic and small power socket outlets, feeders to luminairs. The higher sensitivities are used in the upstream circuit breakers so that protection discrimination is achieved. 

Part 1 Classification of electrical and electronic eqnipment with regard to protection against electric shock. 

Part 2 Gnideline to reqnirements for protection against electric shock. High-voltage fnses for the external protection of shnnt Power capacitors. Measnrement of transformer and reactor sound levels. 

Ground- Refers to electricity s habit of seeking the shortest route to earth. Neutral wires carry it there in all circuits. An additional grounding wire or the sheathing of the metal-clad cable or conduit— protects against shock if the neutral leg is interrupted. 

Operational insulation. Insulation needed for the correct operation of the equipment, such as lacquers or circuit board coatings. Operational insulation does not protect against electrical shock. 

Supplementary insulation. An independent insulation applied in addition to basic to ensure protection against electric shock in the event of a failure of the basic insulation (equals two levels). 

Reinforced insulation. A single insulation system that provides a degree of protection against electrical shock equivalent to double insulation. It may comprise several layers to meet thickness and/or test requirements. 

Street shoes may not be appropriate in the laboratory, where both chemical and mechanical hazards may exist. Substantial shoes should be worn in areas where hazardous chemicals are in use or mechanical work is being done. Clogs, perforated shoes, sandals, and cloth shoes do not provide protection against spilled chemicals. In many cases, safety shoes are advisable. Shoe covers may be required for work with especially hazardous materials. Shoes with conductive soles are useful to prevent buildup of static charge, and insulated soles can protect against electrical shock. 

It should be noted that GFCI devices are not foolproof, nor are they absolute protection against electric shock from an instrument. They only are effective with fault currents that follow a path to ground. It is still possible to receive a shock from an appliance fault where a person s body is across the hot-to-neutral circuit, requiring a simultaneous contact with two conductors. This is a more unusual situation and implies exposed wiring from the appliance. 

The provision of a safe eiectrical system is fundamental to the whole concept of using eiectricity in and around buildings safely. The electrical installation as a whoie must be protected against overload and short-circuit damage, and the peopie using the instaiiation must be protected against electric shock. 

Protection against electric shock, both basic protection and fault protection , is provided by insulating and placing live parts out of reach in suitable enclosures, earthing and bonding metalwork and providing fuses or circuit-breakers so that the supply is automatically disconnected under fault conditions. 

Basic protection is protection against electric shock under fault-free conditions and is provided by insulating live parts in accordance with section 416 of the lET Regulations,... 

Animals and humans must be protected against electric shock. 

A fast-acting circuit breaker that is sensitive to very low levels of current leakage to ground. They are designed to provide protection against electrical shock from ground... 

Selection and Erection Isolation and Switching Inspection and Testing Protection against Fire Protection against Electric Shock Protection against Overcurrent Special Locations Earthing and Bonding... 

Fault protection is protection against electric shock rmder single fault conditions and is provided by protective equipotential bonding and automatic disconnection of the supply (by a fuse or MCB) in accordance with lEE Regulations 411.3 to 6. 

Protection against Electric Shock. Protection against Overcurrent... 

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