Shell Research and Technology Center

The author would like to thank Jan Blomberg of the Shell Research and Technology Center, Amsterdam and Dolf Grutterink of Analytical Controls, Rotterdam for kindly supplying some of the chromatograms and schematic diagrams. 

The nomenclature of the catalyst fractions is given in Table 1. The coked catalyst fraction c56 has been prepared at Shell Research and Technology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands in a pilot plant riser during normal catalytic cracking operation with a flashed distillate feedstock. It has been verified that the performance of these pre-coked catalysts was similar to that of catalysts pre-coked with Hydrowax in the microriser. 

The sample of silicalite-1 has been kindly supplied by Shell Research and Technology Center, Amsterdam. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that it consisted of regular coffin-shaped crystals with an average size of 150 xm X 50 xm X 30 xm. H-ZSM-5 has been kindly provided by... 

W.C. de Leeuw (ed.), Kleurstoffen uit petroleum. Algemeene beschouwingen over de industrie der synthetische kleurstoffen. Rapport in opdracht der directie der Bataafsche Petroleum-Maatschappij (Amsterdam BPM 1918), present in SICA (note 6), The Hague, and Shell Research and Technology Center, Amsterdam. 

A recent report by Shell Research and Technology Center showed that commercial noble metal-based catalysts for deep hydrogenation of fuels operate in a regime where the large majority of the metal sites are poisoned by sulfur, even when sulfur tolerance has been improved by choosing modem support functions and metals. Thus, these catalysts are currently used only after a deep desulfurization over Ni-Mo catalysts and subsequent removal of H2S, as is also the case in the Shell Middle Distillate Hydrogenation process and the Lummus/Criterion SynSat process . Noble metal catalysts that can operate in a stacked-bed reactor with a Ni-Mo catalyst without intermediate H2S removal have not been reported . 

The Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) has conducted research and development on the copper oxide process for combined SO2 and NOx control since the late 1960s, but their largest pilot unit has been 1 MW. The PETC process uses the same chemistry as the Shell process, but fluidized bed or moving bed reactors are enqtloyed (Hoffman et al., 1992). 

Professor Freund received a BS Degree in Chemistry from Florida Atlantic University in 1987 and his PhD in Analytical Chemistry from the University of Florida in 1992. During his graduate studies, he was awarded the Shell Fellowship in Chemistry (1992) and the Electrochemical Society s Joseph W. Richards Fellowship (1991). Snbsequently, he became a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology where his research contributions aided in the establishment of a multi-investigator, interdisciplinary research program on the development olfactory-inspired sensor arrays. Upon completion of his postdoctoral fellow, he established himself in both analytical chemistry and material science as an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Lehigh University and as the Director of the Molecular Materials Research Center in the Beckman Institute at Caltech, respectively. He has been at the University of Manitoba since 2002. 

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