Sheep skinning

Plasters proper usually require heat to spread them upon the prepared sheep-skin which is furnished for that purpose. The heat is best obtained by means of a hot iron of the proper shape (plaster-iron). Care must be taken not to heat the iron too hot, or the sheep-skin is shriveled and the adhesiveness of the plaster diminished. 

Sheep skins were degreased using Eusapon OD following the above presented procedure in the beam house. Samples were taken from every float and the phase behaviour was directly characterised by visual inspection. The results are presented in the following beginning with the short float. 

Because of the small amount of water in the short float, samples had to be taken by wringing out the sheep skins. A three-phase state at T = 37°C could be observed, where a microemulsion phase coexisted with a fat-excess phase and a water-excess phase as presented in Fig. 10.6. At this point, the occurrence of the three-phase state in the short float was a first evidence for the good performance of Eusapon OD. The three-phase state is closely connected to the interfacial tension between water and oil, in this case water and grease (crab) which becomes ultra-low for efficient microemulsion systems. At this point the low interfacial tension ensures a good degreasing performance of the system. More... 

Animal skins were degreased in a three-step process according to the procedure described in the section beam house. In a first step, surfactant was added to depickled sheep skins and the drum was run for approximately 1 h. Note, that depickling means the addition of a short float (little water) containing high amounts of sodium chloride. The mass fraction of salt in the water phase of the short float was estimated to be e = 0.21. After 1 h the short float was diluted with pure water. As a result the sodium chloride mass fraction in the water phase e was instantaneously reduced to e = 0.07. During this process the surfactant to fat plus surfactant ratio yb was always constant at approximately y b = 0.375. 

Chen, E.H. and Wilkinson, RK., 1989, Mechanism of transdermal penetration of avermectins through sheep skin, Pharm. Res., 6(SuppL), S108. 

In the twentieth century, 18 Americans have fatally inhaled anthrax spores. The victims include a San Francisco woman who played bongo drums made from infected skins. Others included gardeners who handled fertilizer made with ground bone from infected animals (Park, 2001). Goat and sheep skins from the Mideast are a small but persistent source of anthrax in the United States. Five more people died of anthrax in the United States in 2001 as a result of the anthrax-laden letters they handled. 

Fig. 169. Average residual transition enthalpy vs transition temperature for collagens of different origin (1) cod skin (2) halibut (3) frog skin (4) pike skhg (5) carp swim tdadder (6) rat skii (7) sheep skin. Reproduced, with permission of the author and publishers, from [430]...

Ganesan A, Rao M V 1977 Vegetable tanning of Pujab wool sheep skins. Leather Sci (Madras) 24 144-146... 

Rao M S, Kamat D H, Selvarangan R 1980 Upper leather from raw sheep skins (red hair). Leather Sci (Madras) 27(8) 263-265... 

SO far off that no arquebus could reach them. Forming the troops again, we continued the ascent of the hill to get a view of the country inland. We discovered some rolling hills between two hills, very pleasant to look upon, and covered with beautiful verdure like cultivated land. We could make out a number of shapes like houses, which we supposed to be the huts of those people. We did not go on because it was not desirable to leave the ship weak handed, and all hands are required when the fury of the tempest bursts, for which it is always necessary to be prepared, although this land has better weather than those we had passed. We returned for this reason, and on the way back we found two cloaks of sheep skin, with their wool like those of Peru, and some sandals. As the natives ran for their lives they must have thrown them away. We returned to the ship, where the wounded man was cured. That night it was fine at intervals, and there were squalls every now and then. 

Rhizopus oryzae Protease Goat and sheep skin Pal etal. (1996)... 

Uses Textile scouring agent, for sheep skins... 

Wool fibers are sheep hairs that grow from cavities (follicles) extended from the surface of the sheep skin through the epidermis into the dermis (Figure 10.6). One of the most important functions of the hair follicle is to produce a hair shaft, i.e., the fiber. Follicle formation occurs only once in a sheep s lifetime. At birth, the entire follicle population is initiated and normally does not change thereafter. 

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