Shake generation

Carry out this preparation in precisely the same way as the above preparation of oxamide, using 2 ml. (2-4 g.) of benzoyl chloride instead of the ethyl oxalate, and observing the same precautions. Considerably more heat is generated in this reaction therefore hold the cork very securely in position during the shaking. After vigorous shaking for 15 minutes, no trace of oily benzoyl chloride remains. Filter off the fine flakes of benzamide, wash with cold water, and then recrystallise from hot water yield, 1-5 g. Colourless crystals, m.p. 130°. 

We start rxn, one drop / second or so C in B. Sometimes we close sep funnel and shake flask B to ensure a constant rate of MeONO generation. Addition speed is limited by equilibrium of pressure between flasks. If it is too much quick, then MeONO gas go through sep. funnel, then we close the sep funnel and wait a bit till generation is low. The addition of C in B takes 1 hour, we close sep funnel and shake a bit B to finish reaction. If rxn (A) climbs temp too much, we can add ice in the water bath. I ve monitorized temp touching a part of solution that was out of water bath. At the final part may be water is to much cool, so we can take it out. After the addition of C in B we wait one more hour. 

Hazards. If you add two much, quickly C in B, MeONO goes through sep. funnel. So close the key, but if there w/as too much addition or you shake immediatly then generation is higher than the possibilities of bubbler, and rubber on flask B can jump with a lot of foam and solution. For this reason it s better to have NaN02 dissolved, to prevent surprises, but it s not necessary. Be patient and shake. Don t forget redirect NO and MeONO fumes out to the window. 

Normally the user provides the nature of a probable earthquake in the form of RRS, i.e. acceleration characteristic curves, period versus spectral acceleration, such as those in Figure 14.18. The first objective is to generate a signal which should be able to produce a time history, on a shake table, whose response spectra match those of the RRS. 

The toxic effects of mercury have long been known,and the use of HgCl, as a poison has already been mentioned. The use of mercury salts in the production of felt for hats and the dust generated in ill-ventilated workshops by the subsequent drying process, led to the nervous disorder known as hatter s shakes and possibly also to the expression mad as a hatter . 

For the preparation of an alcohol-free ethereal solution of diazomethane, the generating flask is charged with 35 ml of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 10 ml of ether, and a solution of 6 g of potassium hydroxide in 10 ml of water. The flask is heated in a water bath at 70°, and a solution of 21.4 g of Diazald in 140 ml of ether is added over 20 minutes with occasional shaking of the flask. The distillate is collected as above and the yield is the same. 

In examining vanilla beans the determination of the vanillin is a matter of importance. Busse recommends the following process for the determination 20 grams of the pods, crushed with sand, are exhausted with ether in a Soxhlet tube, and the ethereal extract is shaken out with 20 per cent, sodium bisulphite solution. From the latter, vanillin is removed by treatment with dilute H SO, the SO2 generated removed by a current of CO, and the vanillin extracted by shaking out with ether, evaporating the solvent and weighing the residue. In East African vanilla the author found 2 16 per cent, of vanillin, in that from Ceylon 1 48 per cent., and in Tahiti vanilla from 1-55 to 2 02 per cent. Tiemann and Haarman found in the best Bourbon vanilla 1 94 to 2-90 per cent., in the best Java vanilla 2 75 per cent., and in Mexican vanilla from 1-7 to 1 9 per cent. Tahiti vanilla sometimes contains less than 1 per cent, of vanilla. 

Another feature in PES spectra is the so-called shake-up structures, appearing as weak satellites on the high binding energy side of the main line. The shake-up structure reflects the spectrum of the 1 -electron-2-hole states generated in connection with pholoionization, and can give useful information about the valence n-electronic structure of a molecular ion. 

AOS surfactant concentration was 0.50% wt in deionized water. Aqueous phase pH was 8.5. The headspace was flushed with nitrogen. All samples were equilibrated at test temperature for 24 h prior to shaking the sample tubes for 1.0 min to generate the foam. Times given are elapsed time from the termination of foam generation. 

A completed jigsaw puzzle can be disassembled by a sweep of the hand, but shaking a box containing Jigsaw puzzle pieces never generates an assembled puzzle. 

One of the most attractive roles of liquid liquid interfaces that we found in solvent extraction kinetics of metal ions is a catalytic effect. Shaking or stirring of the solvent extraction system generates a wide interfacial area or a large specific interfacial area defined as the interfacial area divided by a bulk phase volume. Metal extractants have a molecular structure which has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Therefore, they have a property of interfacial adsorptivity much like surfactant molecules. Adsorption of extractant at the liquid liquid interface can dramatically facilitate the interfacial com-plexation which has been exploited from our research. 

A cloud of zinc dust generated by sieving the hot dried material exploded violently, apparently after initiation by a spark from the percussive sieve-shaking mechanism... 

The experimental approaches are similar to those for solubility, i.e., employing shake flask or generator-column techniques. Concentrations in both the water and octanol phases may be determined after equilibration. Both phases can then be analyzed by the instrumental methods discussed above and the partition coefficient is calculated from the concentration ratio Q/Cw. This is actually the ratio of solute concentration in octanol saturated with water to that in water saturated with octanol. 

---