Settling experiments

Settling Experiments Suspensions containing various concentrations of bentonite clay (as those used for rheological measurements) were stored in 100ml stoppered measuring cylinders at 25 C. The separation of a supernatant liquid and the sediment... 

Several investigations have been carried out on the settling behavior of spherical particles in concentrated suspensions [7] with best agreement with equations of the form (6.84). Equations similar to (6.85) indicate too high a concentration dependency on settling rate. Apparatus for carrying out hindered settling experiments [61] was described in 1960, modified apparatus was described in 1970 [62] and experimental procedure in 1977 [63]. 

To illustrate how the j-p curve is deduced from a batch settling experiment, suppose, for example, that a fall curve of the form of OBC in Fig. 5.4.4 is measured. Now the equation of the characteristics in the region ABC is... 

A wide range of techniques exist for measuring the fractal dimensions in environmental systems. Which technique should be chosen depends on the particles being measured and the environment in which they are being measured. Many of the methods outlined here, such as scattering and settling experiments, are only suitable for laboratory-based work. Others, such as image analysis and FBRM, have the potential to be used in the field. 

It was found that complete solvation of both polymers was not obtained when the apparent viscosity plateau was used as the sole criterion for solvation. A more definitive standard for determining polymer solvation should also include tests that would assure that partially dissolved polymer agglomerations could not be removed from the fluid during its application. In the work described here, viscosity measurements were supplemented by filtration testing and particle settling experiments. 

Batch Settling Experiments for Hand-Shaken and Sonicated Emulsions for Oil to Aqueous Phase Volume Ratios of 1 1 and 2 1... 

Fig. 8. Rate of separation in batch settling experiment for TRS 10-410 (5%) 4 IBA (3%) + NaCl (varying from 0% to 8.0%)<...

EX A MPLE 12.10-1. Countercurrent Leaching of Oilfrom Meal A continuous countercurrent multistage system is to be used to leach oil from meal by benzene solvent (B3). The process is to treat 2000 kg/h of inert solid meal (B) containing 800 kg oil (/4) and also 50 kg benzene (C). The inlet flow per hour of fresh solvent mixture contains 1310 kg benzene and 20 kg oil. The leached solids are to contain 120 kg oil. Settling experiments similar to those in the actual extractor show that the solution retained depends upon the concentration of oil in the solution. The data (B3) are tabulated below as N kg inert solid B/kg solution and kg oil zl/kg solution. 

An interesting example of a large specific surface which is wholly external in nature is provided by a dispersed aerosol composed of fine particles free of cracks and fissures. As soon as the aerosol settles out, of course, its particles come into contact with one another and form aggregates but if the particles are spherical, more particularly if the material is hard, the particle-to-particle contacts will be very small in area the interparticulate junctions will then be so weak that many of them will become broken apart during mechanical handling, or be prized open by the film of adsorbate during an adsorption experiment. In favourable cases the flocculated specimen may have so open a structure that it behaves, as far as its adsorptive properties are concerned, as a completely non-porous material. Solids of this kind are of importance because of their relevance to standard adsorption isotherms (cf. Section 2.12) which play a fundamental role in procedures for the evaluation of specific surface area and pore size distribution by adsorption methods. 

Propeller mixers are unsuitable for suspending rapid settling substances and for the absorption of gases. Propellers are designed on the basis of data obtained from properly executed modeling experiments. 

To examine sedimentation in greater detail, let us examine the events occurring in a small-scale experiment conducted batchwise, as illustrated in Figure 9. Particles in a narrow size range will settle with about the same velocity. When this occurs, a demarcation line is observed between the supernatant clear liquid (zone A) and... 

Erlebnis, n. occurrence, event experience, erledigen, t.i. dispose of, settle, arrange accomplish. perform vacate,... 

---