Sesquicarbonate of Ammonia

Serpentarla The dried rhizome and roots of the blrthwort Artstotochla serpen-taria and of the Texas snakeroot (A. reticulata) used for aromatic bitters. Sesquicarbonate of ammonia See ammonium sesqutcarbonate. 

A dork blue pulverulent substance, formec I by rubbing together 1 ounce sulphate of coppper and i ounce sesquicarbonate of ammonia. 

Sesquicarbonate of Ammonia. This is tlio commercial carbojiaie of ammo niUf and is prepared as follows Sal-ammoniac, or pure commercial sulphate of ammonia, and chalk, eciual ] >arts, both dry and in powder. Mix and sublime from an iron pot, into a long earthen or leaden receiver, well cooleil. The receiver is usually fitted vrith a moveable lead cover, secured by a water-joint, and ha.s an open lead pipe in tlic bottom, to allow the liquid products of the disUllation to drain off into asccotul receiver. When made of tho impure sulphate of ammonia, it must be re-subumed in iron pots, famished wil leaden heads kept cool. A little water is commonly introduced into the subliming pots, to render tho product tran. jlucent. Tho heat is usually applied by means of a common furnace, but a steam or water bath is preferable, as the temperature required for this purpose does not exceed 200 Fahr. 

J. Black s investigation 3 of 1756 is the first contribution to the chemistry of the carbonates of ammonia, and he pointed out the chemical difference between the aqua ammonia and the solid carbonate of commerce. J. Priestley also, in 1774, dwelt on the same subject. T. Bergmann analysed the commercial carbonate in 1774 H. Davy emphasized the variable nature of the compounds of carbon dioxide and ammonia in 1799 while C. L. Berthollet (1806) and J. Dalton (1819) demonstrated that there are several different carbonates of ammonia. In his paper On the combinations of carbonic anhydride with ammonia and water (1870), E. Divers showed that there are at least three well-defined ammonium carbonates—the normal carbonate, the hydrocarbonate, and the sesquicarbonate. On the other hand, in his paper Ueber die Verbindungen des Ammoniaks mit der Kohlensaure (1839), H. Rose claimed to have shown that an indefinitely large number of these compounds can be prepared, and he described twelve of them. He said ... 

Htdroammooto Cahbonate — Monoammonic carbonate — Acid carbonate of ammonia—H(NHjCO,—79—is prepared by saturating a solution of NH HO or ammonium sesquicarbonate with CO,. It crystallizes in large, rhombic prisms quite soluble in H 0. At 60 (140 F.) it is decomposed into NH, and CO,. 

Sulphate of Ammonia. The commercial sulphate is obtained by saturating with weak oil of vitriol the omnioniacm liquor of the gas-work.s, or bone-spirit. For medicinal purposes It is prepared by saturating dilate sulphuric wid with sesquicarbon-ato of ammonia in slight excess it is then filtered, evaporated by a gentle beat, and crystallized. 

The common commercial and medicinal carbonate of ammonia is a sesquicarbonate, 2 NH, + 2 HO + 3 CO,. It is formed by heating a mixture of 2 parts of sal ammoniac and 3 of dried chalk, and sublimes as a hard crystalline volatile mass, having a strong smell of ammonia. When exposed to air, it loses ammonia, and falls to a powder of bicarbonate, NH 0, CO, + HO,... 

In 1864 Ernest Solvay, a Belgian chemist, invented his ammonia-soda process. A few years later the soda ash price was reduced one third. The Solvay process had completely replaced the LeBlanc method by 1915. The Solvay method is still very popular worldwide. However, in this country large deposits of natural trona ore were found in the 1940s in Green River, Wyoming. In the last few years there has been a tremendous conversion from synthetic to natural soda ash. The first and last Solvay plant in the U.S. closed in 1986 (a large Allied Chemical plant in Solvay, NY). Trona ore is found about 500 m below the surface. It is called sodium sesquicarbonate... 

AI3-25347 Ammonia sesquicarbonate Ammonium carbonate Ammoniumcarbonat Carbonate d ammoni-aque Carbonic acid, diammonium salt Caswell No. 042 CCRIS 7328 Diammonium carbonate EINECS 208-058-0 ERA Pesticide Chemical Code 073501 HSDB 6305 Salt of Hartshorn. Also typically contains ammonium carbamate. Crystals mp = 58 (dec) vaporizes at about 60° incompatible with acids and acid salts soluble in H2O (25 g/100 ml). 

The need to include the carbamate equilibria points up the fact that in order to model electrolyte systems one must identify all relevant species. Ignoring the possibility of solids formation (e.g. ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sesquicarbonate), these eight equilibria define the water-ammonia-oarbon dioxide system in terms of the twelve species concentrations ... 

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