Serbia Balkan nephropathy

The initial description of Balkan nephropathy emanated from Bulgaria [15,16] and Serbia [17-19]. By 1957, the disease was recognized in Bosnia and Croatia and by 1958 in Romania [20]. 

Topography of the terrain differs between endemic regions. All 14 endemic villages in Croatia are located in a single lowland municipality, at an altitude of about 100 m, while Bosnian foci are found up to 130 m. About 90% of all endemic settlements in Serbia are also situated at a low altitude, below 200 m [10], either in large plains, river valleys or, much more seldom, in hilly regions. There have been no studies of medical geography of Balkan nephropathy in Romania for the last 30-35 years and endemic localities are yet to be determined... 

Chronologically, lead poisoning was first offered as an explanation for the occurrence of Balkan nephropathy [17-19]. The idea on lead-contaminated flour led to abandonment of water mills in a part of Central Serbia. This energetic public health action had no impact on the disease frequency. 

Radovanovic Z. Topographical distribution of the Balkan endemic nephropathy in Serbia (Yugoslavia). Trop geogr Med 1979 ... 

Bukvic D, Marie I, Arsenovic A, Jankovic S, Djukanovic Lj.The prevalence of Balkan endemic nephropathy has not changed since 1971 In the Kolubara region In Serbia. Kidney Blood Press Res 2007 30 117-123 Petkovic S. Epidemiology and treatment of renal pelvic and ureeral tumours. J Urol 1971 114 858. 

Markovic N, Ignjatovic I, Cukuranovic R, Petrovic B, Kocic B, Stefanovic V. Decreasing Incidence of urothelial cancer in a Balkan endemic nephropathy region in Serbia. A surgery based study from 1969 to 1998. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2005 53 26-9. 

Dragicevic D, Djokic M, Pekmezovic T, Micic S, Hadzi-Djokic J, Vuksanovic A, Simic T. Survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in Balkan endemic nephropathy and non-endemic areas of Serbia. BJU Int. 2007 Trnacevic S, Halilbsic A, Ferluga D et al. Renal function, protein excretion and pathology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. I. Renal function. Kidney Int 1991 40 (SuppI 34) S49-S51. 

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