Sepsis gram-negative bacterial

To set up and validate the in vitro systems we initiated a study with rat Uver slices. Stimulation by Upopolysaccharide (LPS) in liver slices was used to evoke a pro-inflammatory response in the Uver. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacterial ceU walls (also called endotoxin), has been associated with tissue injury and sepsis. In the Uver LPS activates the resident macrophages, the Kupffer ceUs, which results in cytokine release [96]. Furthermore, LPS is cleared by the Uver, mainly by Kupffer ceUs [97]. One of the major features of endotoxic shock is the induction of nitric oxide S5mthase in the Uver [98]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the expression of which is induced by LPS and cytokines, produces nitric oxide (NO) in large quantities [99]. 

Keywords Endotoxin Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide Sepsis Vaccine... 

Endotoxin was initially described in the 19th century, but became the subject of intensive investigation since the 1920s. The clinical syndrome of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis was not described until the early 1950s (Waisbren, 1951). The focus on endotoxin as a critical initiator of sepsis occurred in large part because of a serendipitous confluence of events an attempt to understand the mechanism of action of endotoxin as a component of Coley s toxin used to treat cancer and the... 

Bhattacharjee, A.K., Opal, S.M., Palardy, J.E., Drabick, J.J., Collins, H., Taylor, R., Cotton, A., Cross, A. Affinity-purified Escherichia coli J5 lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG protects neutropenic rats against gram negative bacterial sepsis. J Infect Dis 170 (1994) 622-629. 

Intravenously administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated in severe cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, and shigellosis. 

Wortel, C.H., Ziegler, E J., Van Deventer, S J.H. Therapy of Gram-negative sepsis in man with antiendotoxin antibodies A review. In Sturk, A. (ed), Bacterial Endotoxins Cytokine Mediators and New Therapies for Sepsis. Wiley-Liss, Inc., (1991) 161-78. 

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