Separation factor equation

The definition of the separation factor, Equation 7, when combined with infinite reflux condition. Equation 11, gives... 

From the definition of a separation factor (Equation (2.9)), one can write... 

Substitution back into the separation factor equation gives... 

The definition of the separation factor, equation (9-10), can be used to eliminate y from equation (9-22). After some algebraic manipulation, we have... 

The permeate flux, when using an NaCl aqueous solution as the feed, was 25%-30% lower than the obtained permeate flux when distilled water was used as the feed, reflecting the lower vapor pressure of the salt solution. Another reason for the decrease in the DCMD flux is the concentration polarization due to the presence of the NaCl solute in the feed membrane side (Carman 1956 Khayet et al. 2005b Qtaishat et al. 2009a,b). Referring to the experiments with a salt solution, the solute separation factor (Equation 6.3) is defined as... 

For the separation of a mixture composed of components A and B, the separation factor (Equation 9.1) is defined as... 

We start by applying the definition of the separation factor. Equation 6.22a, to the reboiler and obtain... 

Equations for Large Stage Separation Factors. The preceding results have been obtaiaed with the use of equation 2 and by replacing the finite difference, by the differential, chc/ dn both of which are vaUd only when the quantity (a — 1) is very small compared with unity. However,... 

The stage separation factor can therefore be related to the ideal-point separation factor by an equation of the form... 

The ratio of these two equations gives the radial separation afforded by the gas centrifuge under equiUbrium conditions, that is, for no internal gas circulation. An equiUbrium separation factor between gas at the axis of the centrifuge and gas at the periphery is therefore given by ... 

It should be noted that the separation factor for the centrifuge process is a function of the difference in the mol wts of the components being separated rather than, as is the case in gaseous diffusion, a function of their ratio. The gas centrifuge process would therefore be expected to be relatively more suitable for the separation of heavy molecules. As an example of the equiUbrium separation factor of a gas centrifuge, consider the Zippe centrifuge, operating at 60°C with a peripheral velocity of 350 m/s. From equation 68, OC is calculated to be 1.0686 for uranium isotopes in the form of UF. ... 

Commonly used forms of this rate equation are given in Table 16-12. For adsorption bed calculations with constant separation factor systems, somewhat improved predictions are obtained using correction factors f, and fp defined in Table 16-12 is the partition ratio... 

For constant-separation factor systems, the li-transformation of Helfferich and Klein (gen. refs.) or the method of Rhee et al. [AIChE J., 28, 423 (1982)] can be used [see also Helfferich, Chem. Eng. Sci., 46, 3320 (1991)]. The equations that follow are adapted from Freuz and Hoi-vath [AIChE J., 31, 400 (1985)] and are based on the h-transformatiou. They refer to the separation of a mixture of M — 1... 

This method uses the separation factor given in the section titled Vapor Residence Time. The first three steps use equations and a graph (or alternate equation) in that section to get Kv and Uvapormax- Nomenclature is explained there. 

The distribution coefficient can be determined by batch experiments in which a small known quantity of resin is shaken with a solution containing a known concentration of the solute, followed by analysis of the two phases after equilibrium has been attained. The separation factor, a, is used as a measure of the chromatographic separation possible and is given by the equation,... 

To a first approximation the three terms in equation (1.46) and (1.47) can be treated as independent variables. For a fixed value of n Figure 1.8 Indicates the influence of the separation factor and capacity factor on the observed resolution, when the separation factor equals 1.0 there is no possibility of any separation. The separation factor is a function of the distribution coefficients of the solutes, that is the thermodynamic properties of the system, and without some... 

Figure 2.14 Plot of K against the voluae fraction of A for four hypothetical solutes based on equation (2.14) and of the separation factor against the volume fraction of A based on equation 2.15. The best separation is predicted to occur at a volune fraction of 0.12.

By convention, the adjusted retention tine or the capacity factor ot the later of the two eluting peaks is made the numerator in equation (1.10) the s junration factor, consequently, always has values greater than or equal to 1.0. The separation factor is a measure of the selectivity of a chromatographic systn. The separation factor is sometimes called the selectivity factor, selectivity or relative retention. 

Calculate separation factor = WL/WV (pv/Pl)° 5 Get Kv from graph or equation Calculate Uvapormax... 

Separation factor. The separation factor, defined by Equation 10.12, measures the tendency of one component to be extracted more readily than another. If the separation needs to separate one component from a feed relative to another, then it is necessary to have a separation factor greater than unity, and preferably as high as possible. 

In general, full time-dependent analytical solutions to differential equation-based models of the above mechanisms have not been obtained for nonlinear isotherms. Only for reaction kinetics with the constant separation factor isotherm has a full solution been found [Thomas, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1664 (1944)]. Referred to as the Thomas solution, it has been extensively studied [Amundson, J. Phys. Colloid Chem., 54, 812 (1950) Hiester and Vermeulen, Chem. Eng. Progress, 48,505 (1952) Gilliland and Baddour, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 330 (1953) Vermeulen, Adv. in Chem. Eng., 2,147 (1958)]. The solution to Eq. (16-130) for item 4C in Table 16-12 for the same initial and boundary conditions as Eq. (16-146) is... 

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