Sensors charge-coupled devices

The last volume of this miniseries, 21, Part D, covers device applications, including solar cells, electrophotography, image pickup tubes, field effect transistors (FETs) and FET-addressed liquid crystal display panels, solid state image sensors, charge-coupled devices, optical recording, visible light... 

State image sensors, charge-coupled devices, optical recording, visible light emitting diodes, fast modulators and detectors, hybrid structures, and memory switching. 

S. Kaneko, Solid-State Image Sensor Masakiyo Matsumura, Charge-Coupled Devices M.A. Bosch, Optical Recording... 

Figure 4.2 Schematic diagram of a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor. It consists of a semiconducting substrate (silicon), topped by a conducting material (doped polysilicon), separated by an insulating layer of silicon dioxide. By applying charge to the polysilicon electrodes, a localized potential well is formed, which traps the charge created by the incident light as it enters the silicon substrate.

Schematic diagram of a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor 76... 

P. G. LeComber and W. E. Spear, The Development of the a-Si H Field-Effect Transistor and Its Possible Applications D. G. Ast, a-Si H FET-Addressed LCD Panel S. Kaneko, Solid-State Image Sensor M. Matsumura, Charge-Coupled Devices M. A. Bosch, Optical Recording A. D Amico and G. Fortmato, Ambient Sensors H. Kukimoto, Amorphous Light-Emitting Devices R. J. Phelan, Jr., Fast Detectors and Modulators J. I. Pankove, Hybrid Structures... 

Figure 17. Schematic representation of the affinity biosensor construction and the proposed operational principle and voltammetric traces for affinity sensor signalling a biotin-functionalized surface before (A) and after (B) target protein (antibiotin IgG-HRP) association and precipitation reaction steps. Voltammetric measurements were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0),containing 0.1 mM ferrocene methanol as a signal tracer. Inset charge coupled device (CCD) camera images of a sensor surface upon signalling reactions (Adapted from Refs. [176] [177]).

We developed two kinds of multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopic systems the time-gated excitation-emission matrix spectroscopic system and the time- and spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopic system. The former acquires the fluorescence intensities as a function of excitation wavelength (Ex), emission wavelength (Em), and delay time (x) after impulsive photoexcitation, while the latter acquires the fluorescence intensities as a function of Em, x, and spatial localization (%-, y-positions). In both methods, efficient acquisition of a whole data set is achieved based on line illumination by the laser beam and detection of the fluorescence image by a 2D image sensor, that is, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. 

Digital cameras do not contain a film. Instead, a so-called CCD (charge-coupled device) chip takes the picture. This chip consists of separate sensors with red, green and blue filters so that they are sensitive to various colors. The image is not stored by the chip but in a separate memory. The image is then immediately available to be printed out or displayed on a computer... 

Figure 1. The pixel layout for the RCA charge-coupled device (CCD) used in these studies provides a 512 320 array or 163,840 sensor elements (pixels).

Fig. 7.8.6 Comparison of the dynamic behavior of a charge-coupled device sensor (left) and a nonlinear complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sen sor (right)...

A fluorescence measurement is performed by directly delivering a vacuum controlled pulse of the analyte vapour diluted with air to the distal end of the optical fibre containing the sensors (Figure 4). The optical instrument includes a fluorescence microscope and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The excitation light is launched into the fibre, and the... 

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