Sensitivity to shock

It is prepared by the direct nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. TNT is a very stable, violent and powerful high explosive, but less sensitive to shock and friction than picric acid. It is widely used as a filling for shells, bombs, etc. often mixed with ammonium nitrate and other high explosives. The lower grades of TNT may contain isomers which under hot storage conditions may give rise to exudation. 

Solid diazonium salts are very sensitive to shock when perfectly dry and detonate violently upon gentle heating they are, therefore, of little value for preparative work. Happily, most of the useful reactions of diazonium compounds can be carried out with the readily-acoeasible aqueous solutions, so that the solid (explosive) diazonium salts are rarely requir. ... 

The insensitivity of nitromethane to detonation by shock under normal conditions of handling has been demonstrated by a number of fljH-scale tests. Sensitivity to shock increases with temperature at 60° C, nitromethane can be detonated by a No. 8 blasting cap. Nitroethane can be initiated only when heated near its boiling point under heavy confinement neither it or the nitropropanes can be detonated in unconfined conditions. 

Use of materials sensitive to shock, high temperature or high pressure. If the material is inadvertently exposed to an unsuitable condition, or if the process moves out of the safe operating limits, it could result in a loss of containment. 

A substance which may explode under the effect of flame or which is more sensitive to shocks or friction than dinitrobenzene. 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials No reaction Stability During Transport If contaminated with carbonaceous materials, can become an explosive which is sensitive to shock and friction. Ready detonates or explodes Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

When Sommer tried to prepare the potassium salt of 3 the crystal-fine product obtained exploded with violence as he spread it upon a porous plate. The potassium salt was, however, isolated and analyzed by Browne and Hoel. It is anhydrous but very soluble in water. Several other salts have been prepared. The slightly soluble heavy-metal salts are very sensitive to shock and may explode violently even under water. 

Stossel, m. pestle stamper, rammer tappet, stossempfindlich, a. sensitive to shock, stossen, v.t. push, thrust, hit, knock, ram pound, bray, pulverize join slot. — v.t. thrust, dash, hit (at, against, or upon) (of boiling liquids) bump, knock recoil. Stosser, m. pestle rammer, pounder, knocker. Stossfitnger, m. pressure equalizer, shock absorber. 

Following are some props of methyl nitrate-methanol mixts vel of deton ranging from 2400—4900 to 7500—8200m/sec, gas vol about 8732/kg, Qe 1640—1700kcal/kg, power and brisance — comparable to those of NG, sensitivity to shock — comparable to that of DNB, and toxicity — comparable to that of aliphatic... 

Fire and Explosion Hazard. Dangerous, as K nitrate is both a fire and expln hazard. As a strong oxidizer it can give up its oxygen to other materials to produce a vigorous reaction which may result in detonation. Toxic fumes are emitted on decompn. It is sensitive to shock, can be very easily detonated, and when mixed with flammable materials becomes very sensitive (Refs 6 10)... 

NF3 + 3H2 - N2 + 6HF. It is a severe expln hazard, extremely sensitive to shock blast. Reacts violently with reducing agents, grease oil, etc. Highly toxic corrosive to tissue. Qf -29.7 1,8kcaI/mole (Ref 6)... 

P.A." Explosives. A variety of expl blends, patented by the firm of Bombrini-Parodi-Delfmo of Rome, consisting of PETN desensitized with pentaerythritol acetate. These expls can be cast below 100°, are less sensitive to shock than PETN, but more sensitive than TNT. Although they are less powerful and brisant than PETN, they are more so than TNT. Their stability is less than that of TNT. Their advantage in comparison with RDX formulations lies in the uniformity of the blend... 

All the Pandastites were extremely sensitive to shock, and for this reason the ingredients could not be mixed in advance and transported... 

Calcium Peroxodisulfate, CaOgS2 Sensitive to shock explodes violently H.M. Castrantas et al, Laboratory Handling and Storage of Peroxy Compounds , ASTM Spec Pub No 491, Phila (1970)... 

Organic picrates are usually more stable than PA, less sensitive to shock or heat and less corrosive to metals... 

Pb Azide (LA), which is the most important expl used in detonators (Ref 11), although extremely sensitive to shock, heat, and friction, is not sufficiently sensitive to stab action to insure 100% reliability in firing from the stab action. Consequently, the priming mixt is used as a first-fire layer in these units. RDX (cyclotri-methylenetrinitramine), also known as Cyclo-nite, is contained as the output charge of the typical stab detonator. Its output results in a detonation of other expls (Ref 11)... 

The enthalpy ol formation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is —67 kj-mol", and the density of TNT is 1.65 g-cm-3. In principle, it could be used as a rocker fuel, with the gases resulting from its decomposition streaming out of the rocket to give the required thrust. In practice, of course, it would be extremely dangerous as a fuel because it is sensitive to shock. Explore its potential as a rocket fuel by calculating its enthalpy density (enthalpy released per liter) for the reaction... 

Muller, U. et al., Angew. Chem., 1966, 78, 825 The salt is sensitive to shock or rapid heating. 

Carbon disulfide and aqueous solutions of metal azides interact to produce metal azidodithioformates, most of which are explosive with varying degrees of power and sensitivity to shock or heat. 

Extremely sensitive to shock, heat or minor friction, it has exploded very violently when touched with a glass rod or spatula. 

---