Detonable range

Figure 7-42A. Detonation velocities for hydrogen/oxygen mixtures. Note detonation range compared to flammability range of 4% to 95%. By permission. Ref. [41]., Stuii, The Dow Chemical Co. and The American Institute of Chemical Engineers Monograph No. 10, Vol. 73 (1977).

Following are some props of methyl nitrate-methanol mixts vel of deton ranging from 2400—4900 to 7500—8200m/sec, gas vol about 8732/kg, Qe 1640—1700kcal/kg, power and brisance — comparable to those of NG, sensitivity to shock — comparable to that of DNB, and toxicity — comparable to that of aliphatic... 

Several of the combustion-related properties of hydrogen in air, such as its wide flammability limits (4-75 vol%), wide detonation range (20-65 vol%), very low spark ignition energy (0.02 mJ), high heat of combustion (121 kJ/g) and high flame temperature (2050°C) combine to emphasise the high fire-related hazards of the... 

Kast (Ref 23) reported velocities of detonation ranging from 1200 to 1900 m/sec when AN was loaded at d of 0.65 to 1.0 in wrought iron tubes having diams from 2.5 to 10 cm and the charges were detonated by means of boosters consisting of 50 to 300 g of tetryl or PA. Monroe (Ref 25) found that AN could not be detond at ord temps when unconfined, but when confined, it conld be detond by several different detonators. The certainty with which deton could be effected increased with the degree of confinement. 

Fry Nicholls (Ref 6) studied the expln of MAPP/air vapor clouds. MAPP is a mixt of 51/26/23%methylacetylene/propane/propadiene. Results of their expts in terms of Mach numbers for the propagation velocity are shown in Figs 13, 14 and 15. In Figs 13 and 14 initiation sources are indicated. Obviously, weak initiation results in low propagation velocity. The abcissa in Figs 13 and 14 is the distance (inches) from the initiation source. Fig 15 shows the mean values of the measured Mach numbers for detonations of various fuel/air compns. It also establishes the detonability range of these mixts of about 2.4 to 10 volume % of fuel. Inci-... 

A detonation is a reaction that propagates to unreacted material at a speed greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted material it is accompanied by a shock wave and extremely high pressures for a very short time. It is debatable whether the flammable range is the same as the detonable range. Detonation limits normally are reported to be within the flammable limits, but the view is widely held that separate detonation limits do not exist. 

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