Glucosides senna

Irritants (like bisacodyl, senna glucosides) should be used restrictively. 

N.A. Cassia senna L. Anthraquinone, beta-sitosterol, rhein, dianthrone glucosides, sennosides A, sennosides B, naphthalene glycosides, aloe-emodine, mucilage.99 100 Laxative, stimulant, cathartic, anticancer, cathartic. 

The active constituents in both senna leaf and fruit are dianthrone glycosides, principally sennosides A and B (Figure 3.33). These compounds are both di-O-glucosides of rhein... 

In Sennae folium extract (2) a R, value depression of sennoside A and specifically of sennoside B occur, caused by the mucilages also extracted from the plant material with. 50% methanol. To avoid this effect the circular TLC method can be used (see Fig. 9). Senno,side D (R, — 0,5,5) is more highly concentrated in. Sennae folium extracts (2) tlian in Sennae fructus extracts (1). Senno,side C can be localized at R, — 0.7. Rhein is detectable as a yellow zone at R, 0.8 and its 8-0-glucoside is found between scnno.side D and C. 

CijHgO, Mr 284.22, orange needles, mp. 321 °C, max 431 nm (CH3OH). The octaketide R. occurs in the free form, as )8-D-glucosides, and in dimeric from (rhei-dins and sennidins, see sennosides) in the roots of rhubarb, sour dock and in senna leaves. In addition to its... 

Several pro-drugs were discovered accidentally. The anthracene glucoside purgatives had been used for centuries (in crude forms, as cascara, senna, rhubarb, etc.) before recognition that their aglycones (e.g. emodin) were the true active forms (Straub and Triendl, 1937). Castor oil, which acts on the bowel as ricinoleic acid, and sodium citrate, which, after partial combustion in the body to sodium bicarbonate, basifies the urine, are other early examples of pro-drugs. 

The solvents in Table 170 are suitable for TLC-separation of the constituents of Aloe, Rhamnus and Senna species and also for tinctures and extracts prepared from them [23—26, 108, 114, 142, 143, 178—182, 213]. Solvent I has an especially wide range of application with mixtures of anthraquinone glucosides. Solvent VII is more suitable, however, for the dianthrone glucosides. 

Two benzophenone glucosides have recently been isolated from Tinnevelly senna pods and were characterized as 6 -carboxy-2, 6-dihydroxy- 2 - P - glucopyranosyloxy-4 -hydroxymethyl benzophenone and 4, 6 -dicar-boxy-2, 6-dihydroxy-2-P-glucopyranosyloxy-... 

Senna pods normally contain 2-5% sennosides, with Alexandrian pods having higher values than Indian pods. In addition to sennosides A and B, a closely related glucoside, named sennoside Ai, has been isolated from Alexandrian senna pods. ... 

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