Semliki Forest virus budding

Lu, Y. E., and Kielian, M. (2000). Semliki Forest virus budding Assay, mechanisms, and cholesterol requirement. J. Virol 74, 7708-7719. 

Survival was reduced in adult mice infected with various viruses - including Semliki Forest vims, various strains of yellow fever vims, and West Nile vims - after intraperitoneal injection of gold sodium thiomalate. Adverse effects of therapeutic monovalent gold compounds may be linked to their ability to induce membrane proliferation. For example, the virulent strain of Semliki Forest virus in adult mice is characterized by the development of numerous membrane vesicles in brain with mature vims budding from these stmctures. In contrast, infection of the avirulent strain of Semliki Forest vims results in the formation of very few membrane vesicles and no mature vims particles in adult mouse brain. Proliferation of smooth membrane vesicles from whole mouse brain was induced in mice treated with gold sodium thiomalate. In certain vims infections, smooth membranes are a prerequisite for vims RNA synthesis and maturation. The ability of a virus to stimulate the smooth membranes may be the limiting factor in determining both the extent of viral RNA synthesis and maturation. This mechanism could... 

The stepwise dissociation of the Semliki Forest (SF) Viral membrane with Triton X-100 [82] has been described. The SF virus has one of the simplest biological membranes it has a spherical nucleocapsid consisting of RNA and one polypeptide. The nucleocapsid is surrounded by a lipid-protein membrane similar in composition to that of the host cell plasma membrane as it acquires this protective layer by budding as it leaves the cell. Binding of Triton to the membrane occurs below the CMC and increases with increasing surfactant concentration. Release of the nucleocapsids from the virus occurs when more than 0.2 to 0.4 mg Triton is bound per mg membrane. When higher concentrations of Triton were present (c 1.6 mg bound) the membranes dissociate to protein-lipid-surfactant complexes, followed at higher surfactant concentrations by delipidation of membrane protein (see Fig. 10.13). Lipophilic proteins isolated... 

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