Semantic web

Hendler J, Berners-Lee T, Miller E. Integrating applications on the semantic web. J Inst Elect Eng lapan 2002 122 676-80. 

Murray-Rust P, Rzepa HS. Towards the chemical semantic web. An introduction to RSS. Internet J Chem 2003 6 Article 4. 

It is also worth mentioning the future development of the Web for chemical information purposes. The emergence of the Semantic Web [5] in general and the Chemical Semantic Web [6] in particular would further the roles of the... 

Web in the life of the medicinal chemist. One may see the development of alerting services for the primary medicinal chemistry journals. The Web-based information search process could be replaced by a much more structured one based on metadata, derived by automated processing of the original full-text article. To discover new and potentially interesting articles, the user subscribes to the RSS feeds of relevant publishers and can simply search the latest items that appear automatically for keywords of interest. The article download is still necessary, but it may be possible for the client software to automatically invoke bibliographic tools to store the found references. Another application of the Chemical Semantic Web may be as alerting services for new additions to chemical databases where users get alerts for the new additions of structures or reactions. 

The Semantic Web Initiative supports two key needs in pharmaceuticals, first, the need to collect and represent complex forms of information in an intelligent, flexible form so that it is usable by computer tools and by scientists and clinicians and second, the need to gain insights or make decisions based on an aggregation of information that may share common entities, such as molecules, diseases, and intellectual property. 

XML specifies the syntax of a language but not the semantics. Ontologies or other forms of controlled vocabularies or glossaries are necessary to impose semantics on an XML-based language. For example, the Semantic Web developers have proposed several languages to express the structure and relationships of data on the WWW [13]. 

Keywords Information systems Machine learning Ontology Polymer markup language Polymer informatics QSPR RDF Semantic web... 

Many of the challenges described so far can be addressed using technologies developed in the context of the semantic web or web 3.0 [75]. The semantic web is currently revolutionizing the way in which we structure, handle, present, and exchange scientific data and information. Unlike the current incarnation of the web, which is mainly a web of documents, the semantic web is a vision of a web of... 

Frey JG, de Roure D, Schraefel MC et al. (2003) Context slicing the chemical aether. First International Workshop on Hypermedia and the Semantic Web 9, Nottingham, UK... 

Taylor KR, Gledhill RJ, Essex JW et al. (2006) Bringing chemical data onto the semantic web. J Chem Inf Model 46 939-952... 

Damiani, E., S. De Capitani di Vimercati, C. Fugazza, and P. Samarati, Extending policy languages to the semantic web, in Proc. of the International Conference on Web Engineering, Munich, Germany, July 2004. 

Could instead much, perhaps all, of this work be handled by a computer The answer is a clear yes , but only if the ground is well prepared for such a task. The purpose of this chapter is to outline some of the basic principles (but not the technical details) of how this could be done and to set out the grander vision that creating an infrastructure that adopts such principles would be the first step toward what has been described as a semantic web of information and knowledge. Not only humans but machines could roam, on vast scales if need be, on such a web, and by doing so discover connections between data and concepts which in days past might have been described as the art of scientific serendipity (2). 

Berners-Lee, T., lames H., and Ora, L. 2001 (May 17). The semantic web. Scientific American Magazine. Available at http //www.sciam.com/article.cfm id=00048144-10D2-lC70-84 A9809EC588EF21 print=true. 

Wilkinson, N. 2002. Semantic Web use cases and case studies. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) use cases. Available at http //www.w3c.org/2001/sw/sweo/Public/UseCases/Pfizer/. 

Nowadays, Semantic Web is a much-hyped expression that is used (and misused) by many people from different areas of human endeavor. On Semantic Web computers we will be able to autonomously search for different information items and process them and provide answers to questions that currently require many hours of effort by human experts. However, before we can connect the individual pieces of information, we have to find and transform them to computer-readable form. Unfortunately, this is not a trivial task. 

Wang, X., Gorlitsky, R., and Almeida, J. S. 2005. From XML to RDF how semantic web technologies will change the design of omic standards. Nature Biotechnology 23 1099-1103, DOI 10.1038/nbtll39. 

The standards body for the World Wide Web as a whole, and hence for the Semantic Web, is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C www.w3.org), which is... 

The possibilities and application of the Semantic Web to chemistry were initially identified by Murray-Rust and Rzepa (1999, 2000 Rzepa and Murray-Rust 2001) and have been promoted in a number of papers since. The precondition to the Semantic Web, the maintenance of data within XML format, has become a reality, whereas the representation of the data within XML has been subject to evolution in the last few years. For example, the SVG format for holding graphics as XML was initially promising, but adoption never took off beyond a few examples. As Adobe is no longer developing and supporting the format, it can be regarded at present as an evolutionary dead end. 

In this chapter we shall first describe RDF and OWL, the grammar of the Semantic Web, and then move on to identifiers, the vocabulary of the Semantic Web, and ontologies, which represent the real-world knowledge required to make use of the grammar and vocabulary. We will concentrate on practical chemistry- and biochemistry-orientated deployments of Semantic Web technology rather than the computer science behind it. Then we will cover some case studies Web services, databases, and semantic publishing in the forms of Semantic Eye and RSC Project Prospect. We will briefly cover what the Semantic Web has to offer for experimental data before finishing up with some possible future directions. 

In a statement such as caffeine is a diuretic, caffeine is the subject, diuretic is the object, and is a is the predicate. The Semantic Web stands or falls not only on identifiers but also on the consistent and well-documented use of predicates. 

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