Selectivity, teratogenesis

Gaffield, W., Incardona, J.P., Kapur, R.P. and Roelink, H. (2000). Mechanistic investigation of Veratrum alkaloid-induced mammalian teratogenesis, in Tu, A.T. and Gaffield W., Eds., Natural and selected synthetic toxins biological implications, American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 173-187. 

Weil CS (1970) Selection of the valid nmnber of sampling imits and a consideration of the combination in toxicological studies involving reproduction, teratogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Food Cosmet Toxicol 8 177-182... 

While there is an increased risk of teratogenesis (particularly cardiovascular) from exposure to lithium in the first trimester, this risk has been overstated initially because of selection bias (482,483,485,486). Subsequently, case-control and cohort studies have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, such concerns (487). The risk of major malformations from exposure to lithium in the first trimester appears to be lower than from exposure to carbamazepine or valproate. 

Much of the evidence for the adverse reproductive effects of selected toxicants will be based on cases involving wildlife exposures to environmental contaminants or on the experimental results of research exposing laboratory animals to large, pharmacological doses of potential toxicants. When available, data will be presented from accidental or intentional human and domestic animal exposures to toxicants associated with riot control and chemical warfare or with environmental catastrophes where incidences of infertility, abortion, and teratogenesis have been traced over the course of a number of years. 

Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 10 21-30. 

TABLE 14.7 Selected Earlier Experimental Animal Studies of Lead Effects on Reproduction and Development Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenesis—(cont.) ... 

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