Selective serotonin reuptake fluoxetine

Tricyclic antidepressants Imipramine Selective serotonin-reuptake Fluoxetine... 

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. In 1987, the FDA approved fluoxetine [54910-89-3] (42) for use in the treatment of major... 

Selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is an abbreviation for the class of antidepressants known as the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, and sertraline. These drugs selectively inhibit the serotonin transporter thus prolonging the synaptic lifespan of the neurotransmitter serotonin. 

Indeed, 5-HT is also a substrate for the 5-HT transporter, itself an important player in the treatment of depression, and more recently for the whole range of anxiety disorders spectrum (GAD, OCD, social and other phobias, panic and post-traumatic stress disorders). It is the target for SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram or the more recent dual reuptake inhibitors (for 5-HT and noradrenaline, also known as SNRIs) such as venlafaxine. Currently, there are efforts to develop triple uptake inhibitors (5-HT, NE, and DA). Further combinations are possible, e.g. SB-649915, a combined 5-HTia, 5-HT1b, 5-HT1d inhibitor/selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is investigated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. 

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline are potentially useful due to... 

The first-line therapeutic options for PMDD include the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, and citalopram. These agents can be given either continuously or only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, i.e., initiated at the time of ovulation and discontinued on the first day of menses. 

Altered removal of a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. The third mechanism by which drugs may alter synaptic activity involves changes in neurotransmitter reuptake or degradation. A very well known example of a drug in this category is Prozac (fluoxetine), which is used to treat depression. The complete etiology is unknown, but it is widely accepted that depression involves a deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine and serotonin) in the CNS. Prozac, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, prevents removal of serotonin from the synaptic cleft. As a result, the concentration and activity of serotonin are enhanced. 

Many neurotransmitters are inactivated by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic methods. The monoamines - dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin (5-HT) - are actively transported back from the synaptic cleft into the cytoplasm of the presynaptic neuron. This process utilises specialised proteins called transporters, or carriers. The monoamine binds to the transporter and is then carried across the plasma membrane it is thus transported back into the cellular cytoplasm. A number of psychotropic drugs selectively or non-selectively inhibit this reuptake process. They compete with the monoamines for the available binding sites on the transporter, so slowing the removal of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. The overall result is prolonged stimulation of the receptor. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine inhibits the transport of both noradrenaline and 5-HT. While the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine block the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT), respectively. Cocaine non-selectively blocks both the NAT and dopamine transporter (DAT) whereas the smoking cessation facilitator and antidepressant bupropion is a more selective DAT inhibitor. 

Fluoxetine The first clinically available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Currently, the most widely used antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine and paroxetine). 

Since the introduction of fluoxetine (3) in 1987, a series of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been discovered that have seen broad application in many facets of mood disorders. These compounds include fluvoxamine (4) which contains a trifluoromethyl group and paroxetine (5) and citalopram (6) which contain 4-fluorophenyl groups [5,6]. 

The answer is d. (Kai ung, p 505.) Fluoxetine is a highly selective serotonin re uptake inhibitor (55RI) acting on the 5-1 IT transporter. It forms an active metabolite that is effective for several days. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, which is the basis of potential drug-drug interactions... 

A breakthrough in the treatment of major depression was the discovery of fluoxetine, marketed as Prozac. Fluoxetine has a mechanism of action similar to that of imipramine with an important exception. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, an SSRI. This strongly suggests that, in some sense, the symptoms of major depression result from a deficit in serotonin specifically. By inhibiting its reuptake from the synapse, the activity of serotonin is enhanced. Two other important drugs for major depression, sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil), among several others,... 

Other Antidepressants. Antidepressant refinements for the next 30 years primarily consisted of the development of new TCAs. However, in 1988, a novel antidepressant class, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), was introduced in the United States. The chief innovation of the SSRIs was that they afforded the comparable effectiveness of the TCAs with fewer side effects and minimal toxicity. The debut of the SSRIs coincided with the reworking of the nosology of the anxiety disorders in DSM-III and DSM-IV. As a result, the SSRIs have been studied extensively in each of the respective anxiety disorders and in many cases have obtained FDA approval for the treatment of one or more of these anxiety syndromes. The SSRIs currently available in the United States include citalopram (Celexa), escitalo-pram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline (Zoloft). 

The TCAs were once widely used to treat depression in brain-injured patients, but they have been replaced as first-line treatments by the so-called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) including citalopram (Celexa), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), and, most recently. 

Sertraline is a recent antidepressant that is called a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is chemically unrelated to the older tricyclic antidepressants (see Section 5.3). It works by preventing the movement of the neurohormone serotonin into nerve endings. It can help to improve mood and mental alertness, increase physical activity, and improve sleep patterns. It is prescribed for obsessive-compulsive disorder and obesity. It may offer some advantage over fluoxetine by exhibiting little central nervous system (CNS) action. It has less sedation and anxiety and is shorter acting. 

Like sertraline, these two drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Fluoxetine is prescribed for depression, bulimic binge-eating and vomiting, obsessive-compulsive disorder, obesity, alcoholism, and anorexia among other ailments. Paroxetine is used for depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Interestingly the three top antidepressants are chemically unrelated to each other, except for being amines, and are unrelated to earlier tricyclic antidepressants. 

The field of antidepressant research was revolutionized in the late 1980s by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), exemplified by fluoxetine (9). In addition to their antidepressant action, SSRIs have also proven effective for a broad range of psychiatric illnesses, and, more importantly, they demonstrated an improved tolerability profile as compared to TCAs and MAOIs due to their increased selectivity. On the other hand, SSRIs proved inferior to TCAs and MAOIs in their reduced antidepressant effects, slower onset of action, lower remission rates, and decreased ability to control the physical symptoms associated with depression. 

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