Selective oxidations biochemical

Plettner E., Slessor K. N. and Winston M. L. (1998) Biosynthesis of mandibular acids in honey bees (Apis mellifen) de novo synthesis, route of fatty acid hydroxylation and caste selective oxidation. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 28, 31—42. 

Optically active sulfoxides are obtained either by chemical enantio-selective oxidation with the Sharpless reagent (page 44) or by biochem... 

Unprotected aldoses can be selectively oxidized at the anomeric center to afford aldonic acids/aldonolactones. This oxidation can be achieved by chemical as well as by biochemical... 

Kishimoto, D. and Kurihara, N. 1996. Effects of cytochrome P450 antibodies on the oxidative demethylation of methoxychlor catalyzed by rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 isozymes isozyme specificity and alteration of enantiotopic selectivity. Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 56, 44—52. 

In general we used steroids as the substrates. They are rigid and make it easier to achieve selectivity without concern about the substrate conformation, and the selective oxidation of steroids in particular positions is actually of practical interest. Currently there are steroid hormones that are produced by biochemical oxidation using the enzymes P-450, but we wished to produce mimics that would not have the disadvantage of enzymatic reactions - with their problems in dealing with proteins and fermentation. 

Matienko, L. I. Mosolova, L. A. Selective oxidation of ethylbenzene with dioxygen into a-phenylethyUiydroperoxide. Modification of catalyst activity of Ni(II) and Fe(ni) complexes upon addition of quaternary ammonium salts as exoligands. In New Aspects of Biochemical Physics. Pure and Applied Sciences, Varfolomeev, S. D. Burlakova, E. B. Popov, A. A. Zaikov, G. E., Eds. Nova Science Publ. New York, 2007, p. 95. 

The first cyclic intermediate on the shikimate pathway is 3-dehydro-quinic acid (38) and it was first obtained by Weiss, Davis and Mingioli from cultures of Escherichia coli mutant 170-27 by charcoal chromatography and precipitation of the brucine salt. Probably the first chemical preparation of this biochemical intermediate was reported by Hesse in 1859 who oxidised (—)-quinic acid (42) with bromine water Several procedures have since been reported for the preparation of this metabolite Yields of almost 80 per cent of 3-hydroquinic acid (38) were reported by Whiting and Coggins after a seven-day incubation of (—)-quinic acid (42) with Acetomonas oxydans CR-49 and similar selective oxidation of the axial 3-hydroxyl group in (—)-quinic acid with nitric acid or platinum and oxygen " forms the basis of chemical methods of preparation. 

Bioelectrocatalysis is a unique combination of electrochemical and biochemical reactions, which rests not only on the ability to control at will the oxidizing and reducing ability of the electrode by changing its Fermi level, but on the specificity and selectivity of biochemical catalysis. Endeavors have been made to develop bioelectrocatalysis with enzymes that catalyze redox reactions. 

Southan, G. J., Szabo, C.. Selective pharmacological inhibition of distinct nitric oxide synthase isoforms, Biochem. Pharmacol. 51 (1996),... 

Grune, T., Meeker, K., Sandig, G., and Davies, K. J. Selective degradation of oxidatively modified protein substrates by the proteasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 305, 709— 18. 

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI)/MS APCI/MS is used to analyze compounds of intermediate molecular weight (100-1,500 da) and intermediate polarity and is particularly useful for the analysis of biochemicals such as triacylglycerides, carotenoids, and lipids (Byrdwell, 2001). For volatile, nonpolar compounds of low molecular weight, GC/MS is preferred to APCl/MS whereas APl-electrospray/ MS provides better results for larger, more polar materials. The selection of APCl/MS over GC/MS or APl-electrospray/MS depends on the compounds to be analyzed. Many LC/MS instruments can be easily switched between APCl/MS and APl-electrospray/MS so that it can be rapidly determined which ionization process is more suitable to a given chemical. Additional manipulations such as pre and postcolumn derivatization reactions (Nagy et al., 2004 Peters et al., 2004) or coulometric oxidation (Diehl et al., 2001) can make the chemicals of interest more amenable to detection by APCI. 

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