Segmental thrombosis

Ptak T, Larsen CR, Beckmann CP, Boyle DE Jr (1994) Idiopathic segmental thrombosis ofthe corpus cavernosum as a cause of partial priapism. Abdom Imaging 19 564-566... 

In patients with thrombophlebitis of the dorsal vein (Fig. 17.4), grey-scale and colour Doppler ultrasonography show thickened vessel wall and complete or segmental thrombosis (Dicuio et al. 2005 Abaci et al. 2006 Shamloul and Kamel 2006), t diich can be occasionally associated with thrombosis of the circumflex veins. In complete thrombosis, no Doppler signal is recorded. 

Grey-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography show complete and segmental thrombosis of the deep dorsal penile vein, isolated or associated with thrombosis of the circumflex veins, by the presence of echogenic material within the vessels (Fig. 20.5), which does not change in shape following compression with the transducer. 

This uncommon clinical situation, often inaccurately called partial segmental priapism, is characterized by thrombosis of an isolated portion of a corpus cavernosum, either idiopathic or associated with a traumatic event. In particular, crural segmental thrombosis may result from chronic perineal saddle trauma in patients with a history of extensive bicycle riding. 

Horger DC, Wingo MS, Keane TE (2005) Partial segmental thrombosis of corpus cavernosum case report and review of world literature. Urology 66 194 Karpman E, Das S, Kurzrock EA (2003) Penile calciphylaxis analysis of risk factors and mortality. J Urol 169 2206-2209 Kelami A (1984) Urethral manipulation syndrome. Description of a new syndrome. Urol Int 39 352-354 Kim S (2001) Imaging for evaluation of erectile dysfunction. 

Sexual function Partial priapism (partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus caver-nosum) has been associated with tamsulosin [113 ]. 

Pathophysiologically, thrombosis is the same sequence of events but now occurring in abnormal anatomical sites with intravascular obstruction that results in distal tissue ischaemia. These are often systemic disorders affecting the whole circulation and are described as hypercoagulable syndromes. Defects may lie at the level of the endothelium, inappropriate activation of the coagulation cascade or impaired activity of the fibrinolytic system. Segments of thrombus can become detached and travel peripherally in arterial tree, giving rise to acute insufficiency. Conversely, on the venous side, these are... 

A 55-year-old woman with a history of chronic pancreatitis developed epigastric pain and melena and was found to have a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm expanding a pseudocyst. She was given an intravenous bolus of octreotide followed by an infusion of 50 micrograms/ hour. A CT scan subsequently suggested thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm, with segmental splenic infarction. Nine months later the pseudoaneurysm had recanalized. 

Neo-R, neointima reduction NO, Nitric oxide PC, phosphorylcholine PLLA(PLA), poly-L-lactic acid PSNO, polyntrosated nitric oxide albumin P-S, Palmaz-Schatz RAdTIMP-3, recombinant adenovirus metalloproteinase-3 SMC, smooth muscle cell SPU, segmented polyurethane Thr-R, thrombosis reduction VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. 

Decreased reperfusion at the microvascular level might also contribute to the poorer prognosis of diabetic patients. Recent work in acute myocardial infarction (Ml) has suggested that despite achieving comparable rates of thrombosis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-3 flow, diabetics have poorer post-PCI myocardial reperfusion than nondiabetics, as evidenced by reduced ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush grade (15). 

Access problems occur with either the percutaneous approach or open surgical approach to the vessels for endograft insertion. The femoral artery may be injured and require immediate repair with a patch or replacement of a segment. In addition, distal thrombosis may occur from the blockage of the flow into the lower extremities by the sheath and... 

Spokas and Wun (1992) produced venous thrombosis in the vena cava of rabbits by vascular damage and stasis. The vascular wall was damaged by crushing with hemostat clamps. A segment of the vena cava was looped with two ligatures, 2.5 cm apart. At 2 h after ligation, the isolated venous sac was dissected and the clot removed for determination of dry weight. 

Fig. 6. Rabbit model of femoral arterial thrombosis. A clot is introduced into an isolated segment of femoral artery by injection of thrombin, CaCL, and whole blood. After aging for 1 h, t-PA is infused. Reperfusion is assessed by restoration of blood flow.

The eversion graft model for producing thrombosis in the rabbit artery was first described by Hergrueter et al. (1988) and later modified by Jang et al. (1989, 1990) and Gold et al. (1991). A 4- to 6-mm segment of the rabbit femoral or the dog left circumflex artery is excised, everted and then reimplanted into the vessel by end-to-end anastomoses. After restoration of the blood flow, a platelet-rich occlusive thrombus forms rapidly leading to complete occlusion of the vessel. 

Thrombus formation is induced by inserting the thrombosis catheter into the caval vein via the V. iliaca (7 cm). Then the copper wire is pushed forward 3 cm to liberate the cotton threads into the vessel lumen. At 150 min after thrombus initiation, the caval segment containing the cotton threads and the developed thrombus will be removed, longitudinally opened and the content blotted on filter paper. After weighing the cotton thread with the thrombus, the net thread weight will be subtracted to determine the corrected thrombus weight. 

Compression or thrombosis of the splenic vein = segmental portal hypertension... 

Methylthioninium chloride marking of a colonic polyp resulted in an inflammatory mass with small arteries showing both segmental and circumferential fibrinoid necrosis with thrombosis (5). 

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