Second-generation biorefineries

Clark, J.H., Green Chemistry for the Second Generation Biorefinery - Sustainable Chemical Manufacturing Based on Biomass, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 82, 603-609 (2007). de Jong, E., R. van Ree, R. van Tuil and W. Elbersen, Biorefineries for the Chemical Industry - A Dutch Point of View, in Biorefineries - Biobased Industrial Processes and Products. Status Quo and Future Directions, B. Kamm, M. Kamm, and P. Gruber (Eds), Wiley-VCH, (2006). 

Clark, J. H. (2007). Green chemistry for the second generation biorefinery — sustainable chemical manufacturing based on biomass. Journal of Chemical Technology and... 

Figure 1.7). In Figure 1.8 a second generation biorefinery such as 3-platform (C5 and... 

Qark JH. 2007. Perspective Green Chemistiy for the Second Generation Biorefinery - Sustainable Chemical Manufaduring Based on Biomass. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 82 603-609. 

Second-generation biorefineries are those that utilize lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material. Lignocellulosic biomasses are composed mainly of three polymers of plant cell walls cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The advantage of this type of biorefinery is the recovery of the most abundant source of renewable carbon (Gruber and O Brien, 2002). 

FIGURE 19.3 Biorefinery concepts that integrate the first and second generation bio-adipic acid. (For a color version, see the color plate section.)... 

FIGURE 19.3 Biorefinery concepts that integrate the first and second generation bio-adipic acid. 

Technological implementation status conventional and advanced biorefineries first, second, and third generation biorefineries. 

The solid cellulose fraction from the organosolv process and the solid cellulose-lignin complex from the aquathermolysis can be hydrolyzed to glucose by using enzymes or acid catalysts. The glucose is subsequendy fermented into a broth from which the bioethanol is recovered by distillation. This is a standard procedure in new second-generation lignoceUulosic biomass-based biorefineries for bioethanol. 

The technologies and reactor configurations covered in this chapter are primarily used for production of second generation biofuels. In addition, it is possible for these technologies to produce chemicals and products that can be sold and can improve the economic viability of processes. A plant that converts biomass into fuels and chemicals is usually referred to as a biorefinery. 

---