Sea wind

Carson, R. (1941). Under the Sea-Wind A Nacurahsi s Picture of Ocean Life. New York Simon and Schuster. 

The semi-arid areas receiving somewhat higher rainfall are covered by a steppe-like fairly continuous vegetative cover of Xerophilous shrubs and grasses. In the Central Asian Plains, east of the Caspian Sea, wind erosion and transport are the dominant features. Sand dunes dominate the landscape for hundreds of kilometers. 

Carson remained at her Job with the Bureau of Fisheries (later renamed the Fish and Wildlife Service), where she eventually became chief editor of the agency. Fler experience with Under the Sea Wind, however, had convinced her to try her luck with another book on the topic of marine science. That book. The Sea around Us, was published in 1951 and achieved much greater success. It was chosen as an alternative selection by the Book of the Month Club and remained on the New York Times best-seller list for 86 weeks. The book also won Carson a National Book Award and honorary doctoral degrees from Chatham College and Oberlin College. Perhaps most important, the financial success of The Sea around Us allowed Carson to retire from government service and write full-time. 

Sea winds with a southerly component provide the supply of the Black Sea waters to the Sea of Azov. The dominating current velocities in the strait grow from average values of 10-20 cm/s to 30-40 cm/s in its narrowest part. After strong winds, compensatory currents are generated in the strait. 

Danish Power Utilities (1997). Action plan for off-shore wind parks (in Danish). SEAS Wind Dept. 

Typical for the onshore breeze, its sea wind front is formed above the almost waveless Baltic Sea, which is apparent by an increasing rippling of the seawater surface. Along with the front s rapid passage across the coastal region, not only wind direction and wind velocity do suddenly change but also a local abrupt transition from the continental to the maritime weather takes place. 

Because of the small depths of the Aral Sea winds blowing even with small velocities create short, but steep waves. Over the flat territories of the Aral region and over the sea surface the wind velocities often reach storm magnitudes, hi the... 

If the wind is more than about 20 km/h, however, and the slick is on the open sea, wind predominates in determining the slick s movement. Both the wind and surface current must be considered for most situations. This type of movement is illustrated in Figure 9. 

The trend is for wind farms to move offshore, where their appearance and the sound of whirring propellers will not bother local communities. The strong and steady sea winds keep the turbines turning most of the time. 

Fig. 1.24. Annual cycle of the Yellow Sea wind. Wind stress (heavy vectors, plotted at the spatial resolution (2.0°) of the data), model predicted vertically averaged residual velocity (thin vectors, interpolated to a 0.25° grid for display purposes in this and subsequent figmes), and the associated stream function (increasing from white to black in 0.05 Sv increments, circulation arormd local minima is anticyclonic). (a) January (b) March (c) May (d) July (e) September (f) November (Naimie et al., 2001) (With permission from Elsevier s Copyright Clearance Center)...

Fig. 1.41. Monthly averaged wind stress, derived from the ECMWF model winds during 1984 1999, over the South China Sea. Wind stress curl contours are in 10 N/m . Shaded area is positive contour values (Chern and Wang, 2003) (With permission from Springer)...

Prom these figures, the dependency of temporal residual currents on the wind is also clear. Since the sea surface has not so many obstacles compared with that of the land and the roughness is also smaller than the land, the sea wind is often... 

A set of four components, rotor, gearbox, generator and pitch system of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine is considered for maintenance modelling and simulation. The turbine is located in a North Sea wind farm about 45 km from German shore. A capacitor factor of 50.8% has been reported by Lindoe (2011). 

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