Screening Rationale

All of the events considered in this assessment, along with brief descriptions of their screening rationale, are listed below. 

US Preventative Services Task Force. Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med 2002 137 526-528. 

Rationale. Microorganisms were isolated from soil and screened for toxin production according to the scheme in Figure 1. Some of the organisms causing strong inhibition on solid medium were tested for toxin production in liquid medium. Liquid culture will be required to obtain large amounts of material for commercial production of herbicides, however, the ability to produce toxins on solid medium does not necessarily imply toxin production in broth (34). Cyclo-heximide, a phytotoxic but relatively nonspecific antibiotic with little value as a herbicide, is produced by many actinomycetes. Liquid cultures were tested for cycloheximide to determine whether it caused the observed toxicity. 

A range of thiolactones was obtained by virtual screening with the rationale to be covalently cleaved by FabDSer92. Among them, 4 was described as a potent E. coli FabD inhibitor with antibiotic properties although no further biological data was provided [12]. 

In a previous publication [8] we described a systematic screening of the binary interactions between 36 polyanions and 40 polycations. As a result of this study it became clear that capsules prepared from simple binary polymer complexes would not be mechanically adequate and multicomponent polymer systems would offer advantages. The rationale for capsule improvement, and for the use of a multicomponent system, has been presented in the Introduction. We have elected to investigate the methods outlined in Sects. 1.2.7 and 1.2.8 (polymer... 

It should be noted that the unfolding kinetics can sometimes involve quite complex unfolding schemes of different substates in equilibrium with the native state. Staphylococcal nuclease is an example of such behavior, known to unfold with three different substates that exhibit an equilibrium that does not appear to shift with temperature.49 Irreversible aggregation processes of proteins have been known to involve first- or second-order reactions.132141 The mechanism of recombinant human interferon-y aggregation is an example where thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reaction provided a powerful tool for understanding the pathway of instability and permitted a rationale for screening excipients that inhibited the process.141... 

OVERVIEW AND RATIONALE OF THE SPMD-TOXICITY SCREENING APPROACH... 

We have discussed the cons as well as the rationale for mandates and vouchers. The negative side effects should be limited in this context. First, the mandate-subsidy-voucher would apply only for vaccines (1) with quantifiable social benefit, (2) for those subpopulations for which such benefit is likely to accrue, and (3) for vaccines with substantial consumption externalities. The cost of vaccines to the government would probably increase, but applying the above screens, for some vaccines, total resource outlays may actually decline, given the discipline that the benefit-cost test imposes on expert groups recommending the vaccines. Second, the negative effects of... 

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