Scott-Hildebrand solution theory

The solubility parameter 5 of a pure solvent defined initially by Hildebrand and Scott based on a thermodynamic model of regular solution theory is given by Equation 4.4 [13] ... 

Hildebrand, J., and Scott, R. (1949). Solubility of Non-Electrolytes, 3rd ed. Reinhold, New York. The classic book on solution theory. 

Additional approaches to understand and predict solubilities in mixed solvents are based on estimation of the activity coefficient, logy, in Eq. (1). Martin, Chertkoff, and Restaino investigated the use of regular solution theory, as developed by Hildebrand and Scott, to predict the solubilities of organic solutes in various solvent mixtures ... 

Other molecular properties have been also proposed to model the hydrophobic interactions. The parachor, which is related to the surface tension of a compound (139, 140) represents mainly the intermolecular interactions in a liquid. The Hildebrand-Scott solubility parameter, 6, (141) is related to intermolecular van der Waals forces and the closely related molar attraction constant, F, is obtained by multiplying 6 by the molar volume (142). The partition coefficient between two solvents can be obtained from the solubility parameters and the molar volumes of the solute and the solvents (193). This relationship is based on regular solution theory (194) and the assumption that the partial molar volumes of the solute is not different from its molar volume. Recently this has been criticized and a new derivation was proposed (195) in which the partial molar volumes are taken into account. The molar refractivity, MR, is related to dispersion forces and can be obtained as a sum of the partial molar refractivi-ties assigned to atoms and bonds (140, 143). These parameters have been compared (144) to establish their relative applicability to correlations with biological activity. The conclusion was that logP and molecular refractivity were the best parameters. Parameters obtained from high pressure liquid chromatography (144,... 

Hildebrand, J., Scott, R. (1962). Regular Solutions, Prentice-Hall, Englewood CUfiS, NJ. One of the most respected works on solution theory. 

If the interactions are confined to van der Waals ones and the solution conforms to the restrictions of regular solution theory (Hildebrand and Scott (1950)) then the well known Scatchard-Hildebrand solubility parameter expression can be applied ... 

Nonideal Compute 7-regular solution theory Solubility parameters Hildebrand and Scott ... 

One model that has found applicability in the lipids area is the regular solution theory developed by Hildebrand and Scott [9] and Scatchard [10]. Incorporating a partial molar entropy of mixing term [11-14] into the regular solution theory yields the following expression for the activity of a component in a liquid mixture ... 

Vapor phase fugacity coefficients are calculated using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, while the activity coefficients are calculated from the regular solution theory of Hildebrand (Hildebrand and Scott, 1964) ... 

Before presenting examples, we should remark that the subject of solubility of nonelectrolytes has been treated in detail by Hildebrand and Scott (921). They discuss (in their Chapter XI) the various chemicaT and physical theories of the interactions, such as H bonding, that are responsible for extreme deviations from regular behavior. Both approaches can provide equations to fit experimental data. The first does so by relating equilibrium constants and activity coefficients for assumed reactions, and the second by the use of varying values of the energy of interaction and empirical factors for the effective volume of solute and solvent molecules. They conclude with the observation, still valid, that no satisfactory theoretical treatment is available. 

Hoff. He then returned to the University of Pennsylvania, where he held the position of instructor in chemistry until 1913. Then, at the invitation of G. N. Lewis, he joined the faculty of the University of California at Berkeley, where he remained for the rest of his scientific career. Hildebrand s main scientific research was in the area of the physical chemistry of liquids and non-electrolyte solutions. He was a major contributor to the theory of regular solutions. Much of his work in this field is summarized in his monograph with Robert Scott,... 

The power to dissolve resins is the foremost requirement of a solvent except in cases involving dispersions in nonaqueous solvents (NADs) or dispersions in water (latices, emulsions, and dispersions). Theories of solvency and solution are covered by Rider in the preceding chapter. The classic books by Hildebrand and Scott (18) and Hildebrand, Prausnitz, and Scott (19) discuss solubility and solutions in considerable depth. The monumental book by Doolittle ( covers both theoretical and applied aspects of solvents. Several chapters in the Mattiello series published in 1941-46 deal with solvents the chapter on lacquer solvents by Bogin... 

The study of preparative coordination chemistry necessitates an understanding of the factors governing the solubilities of metal complexes in water and non-aqueous solvents. However, a rigorous dieory of the solubility of chemical compounds has not been devised as yet. Even when the solubilities of analogous materials are known, it remains extremely difficult to predict the solubility of a given substance. Semiempirical approadies to the pr iction of solubilities appear in the literature. In particular, the theory of Hildebrand and Scott,5a which relates solubility to the energy of vaporization and the molar volume of a solute, is effective for nonelectrolytes. There are also approaches in which solubility is related to the melting point of the solute or the polarity / of die solvent. Nonetheless, most chemists still use the rule of thumb that like dissolves like. 

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