Equilibrium constant relation

Each differential equation contains a flow term identified by Q/V (flow rate/reactor volume) and also a reaction term which can be identified by a rate of reaction or equilibrium constant (k, K, k ). These reaction and equilibrium constants are functions of temperature which, in this study, was fixed. The viscosity dependence of the equilibrium constant (relating reactive species to total polymer) shown in Equations 6 and 7 was observed experimentally and is known as the Trommsdorf effect (6). Table I lists values and units of all parameters in Equations 1-7. 

This equation still describes the same equilibrium but how is the equilibrium constant related to the one we wrote earlier To find out, we simply write the equilibrium constant for this equation and obtain... 

In some systems, particularly metal oxides or nitrides, different states of oxidation of the metal or metals could be assumed or actually determined. Expressions for equilibrium constants related to reactions between the atoms in different oxidation states could be set up in terms of the mole fractions of the reacting species. The expressions for the chemical potentials could also be written in terms of these mole fractions. As an example, consider the substance Uj l,Pul02 x. The question might be to determine how the pressure of oxygen varies with the value of x at constant temperature and constant y. We assume that the uranium is all in the oxidation state of +4 and that the plutonium exists in the +3 and +4 oxidation states for positive values of x. The equilibrium change of state is... 

Thermodynamic studies yield values of Ap as a function of the mole fraction in terms of the components at constant temperature and pressure. We must now assume which species are present, basing the assumptions on our knowledge of the chemical behavior of the component and of the system as a whole, and values of the equilibrium constants relating to the formation of the species from the components. The most convenient independent variable is the mole fraction of the monomeric species, xAt. A sufficient number of equations to calculate all mole fractions of the species and the components in terms of xAl are obtained from the expressions for the assumed independent equilibrium constants and the fact that the sum of the mole fractions in terms of species must equal unity. The assumed values of the equilibrium constants are adjusted and the species changed until Equation (11.107) is satisfied. The equivalent equation for the second component must also be satisfied. 

Equilibrium Constants Relation to Energy and Entropy Changes... 

By strict analogy one obtains a third equilibrium constant related to molality in the form... 

Further studies of equilibrium reactions have shown that the equilibrium constant relates to the stoichiometric equation. These observations lead to the general statement known as the Equilibrium Law or Law of Cbemical Equflibrium. 

Table 7.5. Equilibrium Constants Related to the Solubility of Phosphates of Fe(III), AKIID, Fe(II), and Ca +...

As in most separation processes, thermodynamics play a key role in designing reactive distillation equipment. The process is governed, on the one hand, by the thermodynamic properties related to separation by distillation and on the other hand, by the equilibrium constants related to the reactions. 

It is conventional to imagine these processes that destroy and produce nitrogen dioxide (N02) as in a kind of equilibrium, which is represented by a notional equilibrium constant relating the partial pressures of the two nitrogen oxides and 03 ... 

Combining (18) and (19) one obtains (20) which shows that the molar cyclisation equilibrium constant related to the cyclic jc-mer coincides with the equilibrium EM for the formation of the same ring from the corresponding open-chain x-meric species. 

Addition of the chemical equations for the first two equilibria gives the third. This is the reaction for which the equilibrium constant is required. Addition of the chemical equations corresponds to multiplication of the equilibrium constant relations ... 

USOjJ-lOj] [SO2KO2] /-Once again, the same property holds for the equilibrium constants. Relating the halved reaction to the original, we have... 

Step 2 There are 5 known mass action equations and equilibrium constants relating... 

Explain how the size of the equilibrium constant relates to the amount of product formed at equilibrium. 

Category Equilibrium constant relations Model system example ... 

The Ordered and TheoreU-Chance mechanisms have certain constraints placed on their intersection points, but the Rapid Equilibrium Random mechanism has none, since only the equilibrium constant relates the forward and reverse reactions. 

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