Scintillation detect

The number of ionizations or scintillations detected by both types of detector is measured electronically and presented either as the total number of counts (a scaler) or as the number of pulses per minute (a count-rate meter)... 

To present a quantitative example of the energy conversions involved in scintillation detection, we trace the results of the interaction of a single 1.17-MeV 7 ray from 60Co with a thallium-activated sodium iodide crystal [Nal(TI)] ... 

DeVol, T. A., Duffey, J. M., and Paulenova, A., Combined extraction chromatography and scintillation detection for off-line and on-line monitoring of strontium in aqueous solutions, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 249, 295-301, 2001. 

For measuring the RTD of a very fast-moving phase, the sensitivity and the response time of the tracer-concentration recording equipment may be a problem. A radioactive tracer offers an advantage in that the scintillation detection counter can be interfaced with very rapid recording systems or multichannel analyzers. 

The radiochemical method quantifies gross a activity utilizing either a gas flow proportional counter or a scintillation detection system following chemical separation. In the EPA radiochemical method, the uranium is co-precipitated with ferric hydroxide, purified through anion exchange chromatography, and converted to a nitrate salt. The residue is transferred to a stainless steel planchet, dried, flamed, and counted for a particle activity (Krieger and Whittaker 1980). 

Block Diagram of the Radiometric LC Scintillation Detecting System Courtesy of APackard Inc. 

The Berthold radioactivity monitor (produced by Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Berthold, D-7547, Wildbad 1, Calmbacher Strasse 22) is the only on-line radiometric scintillation detection system suitable for HPLC that is commercially available. The monitor is offered with cells for heterogeneous scintillation counting or as pert of a homogeneous scintillation detector system. Flow cells filled with glass... 

Tritium in water samples is determined with a liquid scintillation spectrometer because of its low maximum S-particle energy (18 keV). Water samples are distilled to remove nonvolatile components whose presence could lead to extinction during the scintillation detection and could also be radioactive. The sample is distilled to dryness in order that the tritium present can be transferred quantitatively into the distillate. A portion of the distillate is mixed with the liquid scintillator, and the radioactivity is measured by a liquid scintillation spectrometer. A standard tritium sample and a sample for measuring the background are prepared in a similar way. 

Scanning electron microscopy. Scintillation detection. Japan Industrial Standard. Thermogravimetric analysis. 

M. Villar, J. Avivar, L. Ferrer, M. Galmes, F. Vega, V. Cerd Automatic and simple method for Tc determination using a selective resin and liquid scintillation detection applied to urine samples. Anal. Chem. 85 (2013) 5491-5498. 

Scintillation detection has been used since the earliest days of radioactivity and is still today employed to measure the whole range of radioactive emissions — alpha-and beta-particles, gamma-rays, neutrons and the more exotic leptons and mesons. In this chapter, I will restrict myself exclusively to scintillation as apphed to gamma-ray measurements. 

Although liquid scintillation detection is rather common today, its expense may make it unavailable to some scientists. Interested readers are referred to standard textbooks on the subject, for example, Horrochs and Peng (1971). 

Many radionuclides decay with the emission of gamma rays (photons). These photons can be detected and identified by their characteristic energies by using a germanium detector, a lithimn-drifted germanium detector, or a scintillation detection system. 

UDPG-04R is intended for measurement of volumetric activity of gamma-radiation of radionuclides in live steam when the device is located in the close vicinity to the steam line under control. Recording of gamma-quanta is performed with the use of scintillation detection unit. The device may operate in the channel of an automated information and measuring system with the following kinds of measurements ... 

J. B., Skamemark, G., Sudowe, R., Wilk, P.A., Zielinski, P.M., Nitsche, H., Hoffman, D.C., Omtvedt, J.P. Liquid-scintillation detection of preseparated Rf with the SISAK-system. Nucl. Instram. Methods Phys. Res. A543, 509-516 (2005)... 

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