Schooling of fish

Radakov, D.V. (1972). Schooling of Fish as an Ecological Phenomenon (In Russian). Nauka, Moscow, 174 pp. 

The marlins speed makes them fierce predators. Rushing a school of fish, marlins thrash with their bill, wounding and killing many fish unlucky enough to be in their path. Once the slaughter is finished, they return to feast on the dead and wounded. 

Less visible, but no less impressive, are the schools of fish that travel thousands of miles, returning to the same location year after year. Almost instantly, when faced with some external stimulus such as a predator, they snap into a formation that rivals an army drill team for precision. 

Williams (1964, 1992), however, argued that there are considerable problems in explaining the evolution of an alarm pheromone. It was assumed that individuals produced alarm substance to warn their school or species of danger, but schools of fish are not composed of closely related individuals (Naish et al. 1993). Magurran et al. (1996) further demonstrated that fright responses in fish were elicited in a context-dependent manner. The alarm responses were likely exaggerated in the laboratory condition where the opportunities for escape were largely reduced. In the natural environment, alarm substances did not produce adaptive behaviors. In crustaceans, behaviors similar to the alarm response in fish can be elicited by the reception of injured conspecifics (Hazlett, Chap. 18). 

The attributes of the ostariophysan alarm system make it unlikely that it functions to warn offspring or to draw parental assistance. Schools of fish will seldom contain both parents and offspring because fish growth is indeterminate and fish school with individuals of similar size, in response... 

Williams, M., 1976, Rearing environments and their effects on schooling of fishes, Pubbl. Staz. Zool. Napoli, 40 238. 

It is observed that a swarm of birds or insects or a school of fish searches for food, protection, etc. in a very typical manner. If one of 4e members of the swarm sees a desirable path to go, the rest of... 

Underwater Sound. Applications for underwater acoustics include devices for underwater communication by acoustic means, remote control devices, underwater navigation and positioning systems, acoustic thermometers to measure ocean temperature, and echo sounders to locate schools of fish or other biota. Low-frequency devices can be used to explore the seabed for seismic research. 

Reverberation/clutter Inhomogeneities, such as dust, sea organisms, schools of fish, and sea mounds on the bottom of the sea, which form mass density discontinuities in the ocean medium. When an acoustic wave strikes these inhomogeneities, some of the acoustic energy is reflected and reradiated. The sum total of aU such reradiations is called reverberation. Reverberation is present only in active sonar, and in the case where the object echoes are completely masked by reverberation, the sonar system is said to be reverberation limited. 

In the end, you will have found your own school of fish, so to speak. That is, you will no longer be an isolationist. 

Although most reconnaissance applications are related to military applications, thermal imagers continue to find uses in weather reconnaissance, location and monitoring of volcanic activity, location and tracking of natural thermal currents (the Gulf Stream) as well as man-made thermal effluents from power generation facilities, and even the location and tracking of schools of fish by the associated sea surface thermal activity. 

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