Schistocerca

Synthesis of the (5)-stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-heptacosanone and 3,7,15-trimethyl-2-heptacosanone, identified from the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has been reported. ... 

S 3- > 3 S o 2. rt o B 3 A. reptans Labiatae Ajugareptansones A B Spodoptera exempta, Schistocerca gregaria, Bombyx mori, Pectinophora gossypiella Spodoptera littoralis (29, 30) ... 

Three acyclic amines, dimethylamine (109), putrescine (111), and spermidine (110), have been isolated from the accessary sexual glands of the mature male desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Table VIII). In addition, A -pyrroline (12i) has been identified as a volatile emanating from the mature male locust colony (Table II). It is an oxidation product of putrescine and probably could be responsible for the maturation-accelerating effect observed to be specific to the mature male insect 106). 

Some pteridines and uric acid (95) are detected in locusts of the genera Locust and Schistocerca (Table VI). Kynurine (54) is found in the genus Dociostaurus and xanthommatin (58) in the genus Locust, as tryptophan metabolites (Table V). 

McEUiiney, J., Lawton, L.A., Edwards, C. and Gallacher, S. (1998). Development of a bioassay employing the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria) for the detection of saxitoxin and related compounds in cyanobacteria and shellfish. Toxicon, vol. 36, 2, 417-420. 

Angeli, S., Ceron, F., Scaloni, A., et al., Purification, structural characterisation, cloning and immunocytochemical localisation of chemoreception proteins from Schistocerca gregaria. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 292, 745-754. 

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is cultivated in cool regions such as Northern Europe. Recently, this vegetable has arisen out of claims that it is able to promote good health since no pesticides are used to cultivate chicory in the field, while the plant remains noticeably free from herbivore and microbial attack. The bitter substances, lactupicrin, 8-deoxylactucin and some phenolics had previously been shown to possess insect antifeedant properties in chicory (Rees and Harbome, 1985). Specifically, sesquiterpenoid lactones from chicory leaves, such as 8-deoxylactucin and lactupicrin (Figure 1), were identified as insect antifeedants against desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Similarly, we found some biologically active secondary metabolites in the... 

Insects 100 brown crop fluid of—Locusta migratoria 12,000, Schistocerca gregaria... 

Lee, J. C. and Bemays, E. A., Food tastes and toxic effects associative learning by the polyphagous grasshopper Schistocerca americana (Drury) (Orthoptera Acrididac), Ariim. Behav., 39, 163, 1990. 

Bemays, E. A., Relationship between deterrence and toxicity of plant secondary compounds for the grasshopper Schistocerca americana, J. Chem. Ecol., 17, 2519, 1991. 

In the gregarious phase of Schistocerca gregaria, final ecdysis allows differentiation of gland cells involved, under exclusive gonadotropic hormone... 

Cassier P. and Delorme-Joulie C. (1976a) Imaginal differentiation of the integument in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Part 1 Post imaginal differentiation and its determination. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 117, 95-116. 

Diehl P. A. (1975) Synthesis and release of hydrocarbons by the oenocytes of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol. 21, 1237-1246. 

Hawkes F., Rzepka J. and Gontrand G. (1987) The scent glands of the male south American locust Schistocerca cancellata. An electron microscope study. Tissue Cell 19, 687-704. 

Diehl P. A. (1975) Synthesis and release of hydrocarbons by the oenocytes of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol. 21, 1237-1246. de Renobales M., Rogers L. and Kolattukudy P. E. (1980) Involvement of a thioesterase in the production of short-chain fatty acids in the uropygial gland of mallard ducks Anas platyrhnchos). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 205, 464-471. de Renobales M., Cripps C., Stanley-Samuelson D. W., Jurenka R. A. and Blomquist G. 

Veelaert D., Schoofs L., Verhaert P. and De Loof A. (1997) Identification of two novel peptides from the central nervous system of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 241, 530-534. 

Picone D., Crescenzi O., Angeli S., Marchese S., Brabdazza A., Ferrara L., Pelosi P. and Scaloni A. (2001) Bacterial expression and conformational analysis of a chemosensory protein from Schistocerca gregaria. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 4794 -801. 

In the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, a similar phenomenon has been observed, but here it is older insects that lose activity among AL neurons (Ignell et al., 2001). Together with other sensory cues, desert locusts rely on aggregation pheromones to form their infamous swarms. Adult males produce an aggregation... 

The inducibility of Prl by proteinaceous compounds released enzymatically from insect cuticle was also studied inM anisopliae (Paterson et al., 1994b). In the case of Schistocerca gregaria cuticle treated with KOH in order to remove proteins, no induction of Prl production was observed, while cuticle treated with chloroform or ether to remove lipids was able to induce enzyme production. Digestion of cuticle with Prl or the trypsin-like protease Pr2 ofM anisopliae resulted in peptides mainly in the range of 150-2000 Da. The addition of these peptides at 3 pg Ala equivalents ml"1 led to the induction of Prl production to a level (75%) similar to that observed in the case of untreated insect cuticle. The ability of various amino acids and peptides abundant in insect cuticular protein (Ala, Gly, Ala-Ala, Ala-Ala-Ala, Ala-Pro and Pro-Ala) to induce Prl was tested but none of them was found to increase enzyme production in the levels observed with cuticle, or peptides enzymatically released from the cuticle. 

A number of studies with widely diverse species have established that the major site of cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis is within the cells associated with the epidermal layer or the peripheral fat body, particularly the oenocytes. In Schistocerca gregaria, Diehl (1973, 1975) separated the oenocyte-rich peripheral fat body from the central fat body tissue and observed the highest rate of hydrocarbon synthesis in the oenocyte-rich peripheral fat body. In Tenebrio molitor, Romer (1980) demonstrated that isolated oenocytes efficiently and specifically incorporated [14C]acetate into hydrocarbon. Similar studies in Periplaneta americana (Nelson, 1969), Sarcophaga bullata (Arnold and Regnier, 1975), and Musca domestica (Dillwith et al., 1981) demonstrated that hydrocarbon synthesis occurs primarily in the epidermal tissue. 

Lockey, K.H. (1976). Cuticular hydrocarbons of locusta, Schistocerca, and Periplaneta, and their role in waterproofing. Insect Biochem., 6,457-472. 

Orthoptera/ Halemus Schistocerca n-alkanes, mono-, di- tri- Halemus sp., Schistocerca methylalkanes Chapman... 

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