Schematic representation of hierarchical

Fig. 8.7. Schematic representation of hierarchical clustering of the 14 objects shown in Fig. 8.6 the separation lines a and b corresponds to the clusters in 8.6a,b...

Figure 6.9 Schematic representation of hierarchical self-assembly process for chiral phthalocya-nine 64. Phthalocyanine molecules self-assembly into helical columns with right-handed screw sense (left). These right-handed helices subsequently aggregate to give left-handed super-helices.

Figure 32. (a) Schematic representation of hierarchical self-organization of 30 into ordered microporous structure, (b) Fluorescence photomicrograph of solution-cast micellar film of 30 with m = 10 and n = 300. (Reprinted with permission from ref 109. Copyright 1999 American Association for the Advancement of Science). 

Figure 1.4 Schematic representation of hierarchical structure of lignocellulosic materials and bone from nano to the macroscale. Reprinted with permission from Fernandes etal. (2013). Copyright 2013 Elsevier.

Figure 15 Schematic representation of hierarchical structures developed in critical binary mixtures of A and B molecules (A/B) in a phase-separation process of the late stage SD. Note that the two components here have the dynamic symmetry (i.e., nearly equal mobilities) and equal volume fraction, (a) to (c) refers to (1) global, (2) interface, and (3) interphase structure and (4) local structure, respectively, where r, Am, Rm, h, int, fr, and Rg refer to the length scale of observation, the characteristic length of the phase-separating domain structures, the scattering mean radius of curvature, the thickness of the diffuse boundary (interphase), the thermal correlation length within the interphase, the thermal correlation length within the phase-separated domains, and the radius of gyration of polymers, respectively. From Hashimoto, T. J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys. 2004, 42, 3207-3262.= ...

Fig. 10.6 (A) Stick representation of the packing of 3 in the crystal, showing the formation of directional tubular conduction pathways (B) schematic representation ofthe hierarchically organized system 3 (top) self-organization in solution and (bottom) sol-gel transcription of encoded molecular features into a hybrid heteropolysiloxane matrix [18].

Fig. 3.10. Schematic representation of processes that may influence hormonal action in a cell. To note is the possibility for feedback in the framework of intercellular communication. A signal released in the target cell can regulate the hormone producing cell by, for example inhibiting the synthesis or secretion of the hormone. Furthermore, the possibility of a hierarchical structure and the mutual influence of different signaling pathways should also be noted.

FIGURE 1.19. Schematic representation of a hierarchic pattern formation in by an electric field. First, the top polymer layer is destabilized, in similarity to Fig. 1.9, leaving the lower layer essentially undisturbed. In a secondary process, the polymer of the lower layer is drawn upward along the outside of the primary polymer structure, leading to the final morphology, in which the the polymer from the lower layer has formed a mantle around the initial polymer structure. From [41]. 

Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of the self-assemble, then polymerize approach for the preparation of hierarchically structured conjugated polymers.

Figure 4.11 Schematic representation of the conversion of stranded poly(diacetylene)s with a multiple-helical quaternary the supramolecular polymers into conjugated polymers under structure in the case of A. retention of the hierarchical structure, leading to four-... 

Fig. 7 Schematic representation of the formation of a helical columnar structure by hierarchical self-assembly of a chiral oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) 10 bearing ureido-s-triazine units in M-dodecane. (Reproduced with permission from [51]. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society)...

Figure I Schematic representation of an example of hierarchical self-assembly at microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels. At the microscopic level, molecules assemble into supramolecular polymer-like assemblies. This involves conformational changes to the monomer units that themselves are complex molecules. The polymers assemble into bundles at mesoscopic levels that under appropriate conditions spontaneously align macroscopically along some preferred direction to form a uniaxial nematic liquid-crystalline phase (after Aggeli et al., 2001).

Figure 4.2.2 Hierarchical catalyst structure with the schematic representation of active sites.

FIGURE 25.26 Schematic representation of (a) a simple asymmetric filter and alternative designs of a hierarchical asymmetric filter using (b) preformed alumina spheres and (c) polystyrene-derived voids. (From DeFriend, K.A., and Barron, A.R., J. Membr ScL, 212, 29, 2003.)... 

Fig. 8.9. Schematic representation of two mesoporous xerogels. (A) Random close packing of spherical particles with uniform size. (B) Hierarchical random close packing of spherical agglomerates.

Fig. 9 Schematic representation of the hierarchal molecular assembly used to form a supramolecular hydrogel. The artificial glycolipid mimic GalNAc-suc-glu-lO-metyl-cyc-hexyl) forms incipient nano-fibers based on a bimolecular layer structure. Such fibers contain extensive hydrophobic domains in their cores with oriented saccharide arrays exposed at the interfaces. The incipient nano-fibers are bimdled to give thicker fibrils whose entangling results in the formation of a hydrogel...

Scheme 7.3 Schematic representation of the hierarchically nanocomposite fabrication in situ polymerization of EDOT on 3D graphene material to form PEDOT/graphene, and subsequent growth of uniformly distributed LMO (LMO/PEDOT/graphene). Panel is reproduced with permission [49]. Copyright 2011, Wiley.

Figure 1 Schematic representation of general SP classifications (a) linear main-chain SPs (b) multivalent macromolecular assemblies and (c) hierarchical supramolecular assemblies.

Figure 15.6 Schematic representation of the synthesis of hierarchical carbon nanocomposites. After Fe electrodeposition and subsequent iron-catalyzed growth of CNTs from cyclohexane at 1323 K, again Fe was...

Figure 6 Schematic representations of the hierarchical structure of self-assembled HBC 2. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 26.

Scheme 29.15 Schematic representation of the formation of hierarchically self-assembled architectures, illustrating the concept of structure-within-structure formation.

Figure 2.19 Schematic representation of the different hierarchical nanocomposites (from left to right, conventional plant fibers-reinforced nanocomposites, BC coated fiber-reinforced nanocomposites and BC coated fibers-reinforced hierarchical nanocomposites). Reproduced with permission from [170].

Fig. 28 Schematic representation of the hierarchical organization of OPVs 45-47 into helical stacks in dodecane. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society)...

Figure 25.12 Schematic representation of a monolith exhibiting two or more separated pore size regimes (multiscale porosity or hierarchically organized porous material) in this case macropores and periodically arranged mesopores are depicted.

Figure 32.20 Schematic representation of light-transfer paths in nonporous Ti02 (a) and hierarchically macro/mesoporous Ti02 (b).

T = 293 K, / = 1 mm) the inset shows the CD spectra of compound 20 in dodecane and chloroform (c = 5.3 x 1M, / = 1 mm), (c) Schematic representation of the hierarchical self-assembly of compound 20 into helical coiled-coil gel nanostructures a magnified AFM image of the coiled-coil rope is shown on the right (scale bar is 100 nm). Reprinted with permission from Ref [79]. Copyright 2004 Wiley. 

Figure 5.11 t(a) Schematic representation of (ill) interphase and local scale (b) LS and SANS the hierarchical structures that develop during profile in the late stage of SD for a DPB/HPI the late stage of spinodal decomposition (SD) sample. Reproduced with permission from (i) global, (II) asymptotic (or interface), and Reference [89]. 

Figure 6.4 SEM, (a) and (c), and TEM images, (b) and (d), of poly-1, (a) and (b), and poly-4, (c) and (d), on HOPC (e) schematic representation of the particles observed for poly-1 formed by hierarchical aggregation (f) possible helical structure of...

Fig. 10.15 Schematic representation ofthedynamictranscription of encoded molecular features of the hierarchical organized system 5 into a hydrophobic heteropolysiloxane matrix.

Nanocarbon composites can be broadly divided into three kinds, each with some possible subdivisions. Examples of these composites and their schematic representations are presented in Fig. 8.1. The first type corresponds to composites where the nanocarbon is used as a filler added to a polymer matrix analogous, for example, to rubber reinforced with carbon black (CB). The second consists of hierarchical composites with both macroscopic fibers and nanocarbon in a polymer, such as a carbon fiber laminate with CNTs dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The third type is macroscopic fibers based... 

Fig. 8.1 Electron micrographs of different nanocarbon composite types (top) and their schematic representation (bottom). The nanocarbons can be dispersed as a filler (left), combined with macroscopic fibers in a hierarchical composite (middle), or assembled as a continuous nanostructured fiber (right). Micrographs from references [7, 8, 9], with kind permission from Elsevier (2010, 2008, 2009).

A simplified schematic of the hierarchical planning mechanism of ES-EPA is shown in Figure 2. There are four representations of a plan with different abstraction levels Level 1, 2, 3 and 4. In this figure, the rectangular boxes represent specific tasks that can not be expanded any further, and boxes with rounded corners represent abstract components. 

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