Schematic representation of a long campaign cupola

To allow for long campaign operation the following measures need to be taken apply a more persistent refractory lining of the shaft, bottom and the hearth apply water cooling of the furnace wall this keeps the wall temperature low and thus prevents rapid wearing of the hearth lining 

A specific t)q)e of long campaign cupola is the cokeless cupola. This is discussed in Section 4.2.I.8. 

During melting, abrasion of the charge against the refractory lining will also generate dust. 

A third source of particulate matter is coke ash, generated in the melting zone, which is not trapped by the slag phase. 

Carbonaceous smoke is airborne matter formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter in the cupola. Scrap contaminants such as oil and grease, wood, textiles and, rubber will form oily vapours in the stack gases. Vapours and partially burnt organic matter may carry unpleasant smells. 

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Figure 2.11 Schematic representation of a long campaign cupola [150, ETSU, 1998]...

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