Scanning probe techniques principles

The term feedback mode refers to the coupling of heterogeneous reactions at the specimen and the UME and not to an electronic control principle as commonly used in other scanning probe techniques to maintain a constant sample-probe distance. 

Within the numerous proximal probe techniques developed in the years following the breakthrough inventions of the STM (1) and AFM (5), scanning force microscopy (8) represents a family of scanning probe techniques that rely in their contrast mechanism on various forces between probe tip and sample (9-12) (see Atomic Force Microscopy). In order to provide a basis for an understanding and appreciation of the SFM work on polymers (13-18), as presented in this review, the basic principles of SFM, as well as selected imaging modes, are briefly discussed. 

The low throughput, currently the major drawback of all scanning probe techniques, may be increased when SECM detection principles are used with multiple probes [189] or combined with integrated microanalytical devices [128]. 

Explain the principles of the scanning probe microscopies STM and AFM, and discuss the type of information these techniques provide. What are the major differences between the two ... 

Microthermal analysis is a recently introduced thermoanalytical technique that combines the principles of scanning probe microscopy with thermal analysis via replacement of the probe tip with a thermistor. This allows samples to be spatially scanned in terms of both topography and thermal conductivity, whereby placing the probe on a specific region of a sample and heating, it is possible to perform localized thermal analysis experiments on those regions. 

Howland, Rebecca, and Lisa Benatar. A Practical Guide to Scanning Probe Microscopy. ThermoMi-croscopes. March 2000. Web. Accessed September, 2011. This introductory guide to scanning probe microscopy describes several techniques and operating modes of the devices, as well as their structure and principles of operation, and discusses the occurrence of ims e artifacts in their use. 

In the present chapter, we discuss the principles and techniques commonly used for observing biological surface structures, including optical microscopy (light microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy), and scanning probe microscopy. We describe and contrast the sample preparation of each technique. Quantitative data analysis as well as the limitations of each technique is also addressed. 

---