Scanning Analysis

This EPMA line scan was analysed by wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, being part of a study by Horz and Kallfass of ornamental and ceremonial artifacts dated to approximately AD 50-300, recovered from the Royal Tombs of Sipan, Peru. 

An accurate analysis is difficult by this technique, because the electron beam spends only a short time on each spot, and so the counting statistics will not be adequate for data of high precision to be accumulated. 

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Thermal analysis helps in measuring the various physical properties of the polymers. In this technique, a polymer sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program in a specific atmosphere and properties are measured as a function of temperature. The controlled temperature program may involve either isothermal or linear rise or fall of temperature. The most common thermoanalytical techniques are (1) differential scanning analysis (DSC), (2) thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and (3) thermogravimetry (TG). 

Conole, J.C., Chilton, N.B., Jarvis, T. and Gasser, R.B. (2001) Mutation scanning analysis of microsatellite variability in the ITS-2 (precursor rRNA) for three species of Metastrongylus (Nematoda Metastrongyloidea). Parasitology (in press). 

In a subsequent development, a novel, real-time peak detection algorithm known as intelligent automated LC/MS/MS (INTAMS) was developed for the analysis of samples generated by in vitro systems.27 INTAMS also requires two separate chromatographic runs for each sample. It allows the user to detect the two most abundant ions of all components and also any predetermined metabolite precursor ions. In the second chromatographic run, INTAMS conducts automatic product ion scanning of molecular ions of metabolites detected in the first full scan analysis. 

High sensitivity full scan analysis of D3-11 NOR-9-carboxyl 7-9 tetrahydrocannabinol by the ion-trap detector. Finnigan MAT Application Data Sheet PADS 14. 

Stanley JS. 1986. Broad scan analysis of the FY82 national human adipose tissue survey specimens Volume I - executive summary. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. EPA/560/5-86/037. 

EPA. 1989a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency final report. NFLATS broad scan analysis Population... 

Figure 11. SIMS step scan analysis of the interfacial substrate surface between the initial scribe and the edge of the delaminated zone coating and test conditions as in Figure 10.

Figure 13. SIHS step scan analysis of a portion of the zone of...

In the Broad Scan Analysis program, evaluation of the sensitivity of the analytical procedures indicated that an analyte level of 10 ng per injection (i.e. MDL = 10 ng) was sufficient for detection of most compounds of interest. 

An N value of 20 was ultimately chosen because it satisfied Equation 1 for the type of population distribution residue levels of interest in the broad scan analysis. 

Thermal treatment reduced surface carbon on aminopropylsilane-treated fiber, presumably by desorbing adventitious material. Carbon from the organic substituent on the silane desorbed also, since the nitrogen present before thermal treatment was totally absent afterwards. (The wide scan analysis of heat-treated fibers is incomplete because small concentrations of sulfur, fluorine and phosphorus were present on this sample only. They are considered to be artifacts, deposited perhaps from the inner wall of the chromatographic column during ramping, and are not reported). 

Another example is the analyses of the clozapine metabolites M2 (the N-desmethyl product) and M3 (N-oxide) in rat urine. The metabolite peaks of M2 and M3 were hardly observable in the full-scan TIC obtained by LC-LTQ-FTICR (Fig. 6.10a). After removing the majority of endogenous components and chemical noise by MDF, M2, M3, and clozapine became the predominant peaks in the full-scan TIC (Fig. 6.1 Oh). Precursor ion scan analysis of the same spiked... 

Both of the above examples illustrate that the sensitivity of the MDF method, in general, is comparable to PIS analysis and better than NLS methods (Figs 6.9 and 6.10). The sensitivity of the MDF method is attributed at least in part to the full-scan capability of high-resolution mass spectrometers such as the Q-TOF and LTQ-FTICR, which could be several times more sensitive than full-scan analysis by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (Kostiainen et al., 2003). 

In conclusion, the sensitivity and specificity for screening for oxidative metabolites by the three LC-MS methods are variable, compound-dependent, and complementary to each other. The MDF method requires a simple, generic full-scan analysis using a mass spectrometer equipped with high-resolution capability, and the accurate mass information obtained can provide empirical formula information for metabolites and their fragments. Since MDF employs a different detection... 

EPA. 1986a. Broad scan analysis of the FY82 national human adipose tissue survey specimens. Vol. 

There are three analytical techniques available, namely. X-ray distribution mapping, line scan analysis, and point analysis. In most cases, only point analysis is needed for quantitative assay of bromine distribution. In this pro-... 

Although standard IR spectrometers are used for studying the amide bands, FTIR spectrometers are more accurate and reliable. FT-IR spectrophotometers are based upon the Michelson interferometer. A typical instrument (Fig. 7.1) comprises an optical bench housing the interferometer, sample, infrared source and detector, coupled to a computer, which controls the spectral scanning, analysis and data processing (for review see Griffiths, 1980). 

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