Scallops

Among the invertebrates, most of the world s production is associated with mussels, oysters, shrimp, scallops, and clams. Crawfish culture is of considerable importance in the United States, but amounted to only 24,211 metric tons in 1992 (4) insignificant compared to some other invertebrate species. 

Flgure 6.8 Scalloped, partially undercut pits in a cross section of a 316 stainless steel tube. 

Scalloped margins, swollen stems, yellow-green mottling or stippling, suture red spot (2,4,5-T) epinasty... 

Centrifugal compressors can have problems at the inducer and blade tips. These parts of the blade can be excited by aerodynamic forces. Blade discs can have stresses at the rotor tips, which lead to cracks. To solve this problem, the offending part is removed and a scalloped disc results as seen in Figure 21-20. This type of disc experiences some efficiency loss (about 2 %). 

Kamm-gam, n. worsted (yarn), -gras, n. dog s-tail. -kies, m. cockscomb pyrites (variety of marcasite). -muschel,/. scallop, -rad, n. cog wheel, -wolle,/. combing wool, long wool, -zug, m. (Textiles) combed material, (of wool) slubbing. 

Figure 5.60 Calibration curves for the diarrhetic shellfish poisons in (i) standard solutions in methanol (O), and (11) standard solutions in poison-free scallop extract solutions ( ) (a) pectenotoxin-6 (b) okadaic acid (c) yessotoxin (d) dinophysistoxin-1. Reprinted from J. Chromatogr., A, 943, Matrix effect and correction by standard addition in quantitative liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins , Ito, S. and Tsukada, K., 39-46, Copyright (2002), with permission from Elsevier Science.

A matrix extract was prepared from poison-free scallop and spiked at the level of 200 ngg of scallop hepatopancreas. The toxins were determined by using LC-MS with calibration employing external standards prepared in methanol. The matrix extract was then spiked further with 300 ngg of each of the toxins and redetermined. The results obtained for each analyte are summarized in Table 5.17 and show that, when using the external calibration method, the values obtained range from 138 to 170 ngg a reduction in accuracy of between 15... 

Not all these polyether occur together in the same shellfish samples. OA was the major toxin in the mussel specimens from most of the European countries (42), while DTXl was the major toxin in mussel in Japan and in Sogndal, Norway (43). Scallops in Japan show the most complicated toxin profile. Furthermore, the relative ratio of the toxins varied regionally, seasonally, and annually. Pectenotoxins were detected, however, only in Japanese shellfish. Distribution of toxins is summarized in Table I. 

The cytoplasmic domain of the Ca -ATPase of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum is very similar to the structure derived from Fourier-Bessel reconstructions of the Ca -ATPase tubules of scallop sarcoplasmic reticulum [176]. 

Barnes CE, Cochran JK (1993) Uranium geochemistry in estuarine sediments Controls on removal and release processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57 555-569 Berkman PA, Foreman DW, Mitchell JC, Liptak RJ (1992) Scallop shell mineralogy and crystalline characteristics Proxy records for interpreting Antarctic nearshore marine hydrochemical variability. Contrib Antartic Research 57 27-38... 

Consider the ultimate explanation for eyespots in the species Precis coe-nia. Notice, to begin with, that there is no scope for explaining the law that butterflies have eyespots, or patterns that may include eyespots, scalloped color patterns, or edge-bands. There is no such law to be explained.7 There are, however, historical facts to be explained. 

Bryan, G.W. 1973. The occurrence and seasonal variation of trace metals in the scallops Pecten maximum (L.) and Chlamys opercularis (L.). Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 53 145-166. 

George, S.G., B.J.S. Pirie, and T.L. Coombs. 1980. Isolation and elemental analysis of metal-rich granules from kidney of the scallop. Pecten maximum (L.). Jour. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 42 143-156. 

Greig, R.A., D.R. Wenzloff, C.L. MacKenzie, Jr., A.S. Merrill, and V.S. Zdanowicz. 1978. Trace metals in sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus, from eastern United States. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 326-334. 

Vattuone, G.M., K.S. Griggs, D.R. McIntyre, J.L. Littlepage, and F.L. Harrison. 1976. Cadmium concentrations in rock scallops in comparison with some other species. U.S. Energy Res. Dev. Admin. UCRL 52022 1-11. (Avail, from Nat. Tech. Inf. Serv., U.S. Dep. Comm., Springfield, VA 22151.)... 

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