Saw-tooth pattern

Figure 9.9 REE abundances from archaeological glass, showing the effect of chondrite normalization, (a) shows the raw abundances of the REE measured on a set of English medieval window glasses, with the saw-tooth pattern evident, and little indication of differences between any of the samples (apart from perhaps one which has lower overall REE concentrations), (b) shows the same data normalized to the chondrite data (Table 9.1). The saw-tooth has largely disappeared, and close inspection suggests that two samples have a positive europium anomaly, possibly indicating a different geographical origin.

Fig. 9.2 8180 vs. depth for mollusk shells from a 17.4m-long drilling core from the Caribbean Sea showing systematic variation with time. Each of the saw-tooth patterns lasts 100,000 years and correlates with similar patterns at other ocean locations (Reprinted from Emiliani, C. et al. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 37, 349 (1978), copyright 1978 with permission from Elsevier)... 

The experimental approach used to mechanically stretch a chromatin fiber with the AFM is depicted schematically in Fig. 8a, and some example curves obtained with native chicken erythrocyte chromatin fibers are presented in Fig. 8b. These curves exhibited a saw-tooth pattern, similar to the patterns obtained upon stretching of multi-domain proteins like titin [71] or tenascin [72] (Fig. 8c). Each of... 

The variation of 6E and 6iE as a function of the atomic number Z manifests the saw-tooth pattern, well-known in atomic nuclei and metal clusters [13]- [15], having sharp minima at atoms with filled or half-filled shells in accordance with the shell-filling process. 

The visual inspection after the test showed relatively smooth, featureless fracture surfaces for the unidirectional lay-up (Fig. 2). Both symmetric ([0°/90°]6s) and non-symmetric lay-up ([0°/90°]i2) yielded two different types of fracture surface. Some of the specimens yielded a rather rough saw-tooth pattern consistent with that shown in Fig. 1. The ridges and troughs are, in general, evenly spaced but do not run strictly parallel to each other (Fig. 2). 

Other specimens showed, in the beginning, near the insert film the saw-tooth pattern with a gradual transition to an increasing area with a smooth surface (Fig. 3). At least three specimens with symmetric and two with non-symmetric lay-up showed this transition initiating on the specimen edge near the starter film. In some specimens, this transition started at a later stage, usually inside the fracture surface, not at the edge. 

The saw-tooth fracture surface can be interpreted as a sequence of interlaminar and intralaminar delaminations oscillating back and forth at regular intervals [4], The amplitud(j of the saw-tooth pattern determined from photographs is consistent with the assumption that it is equal to the thickness of the centre 90°-ply of the cross-ply specimens. For the symmetric lay-up with two 90°-plies at the centre, the wave-length of the saw-tooth pattern is more than doubled (factor around 2.1) compared with the non-symmetric lay-up. The steady-state delamination in the cross-ply specimens is oscillating between two 0°-plies on either side of the centre 90°-ply with a wavelength that seems to depend on ply thickness. 

There is a considerable difference between initiation values from the insert starter film determined from the maximum load/5% offset (MAX/5%) and the non-linear or visual point (NLWIS) for the two cross-ply laminates (NLA IS-values not reported in the Tables since they were not determined for all specimens). The NLATS-values, when determined, are comparable to initiation from the insert for the unidirectional material (determined as MAX/5%- or NL/VIS-values). The first few mm of delamination propagation in the cross-ply laminates usually occur in the mid-plane of the beam, but deviating from it before the maximum load value is reached. The difference between the NL/VIS- and MAX/5%-values quite likely reflects this transition from mid-plane to saw-tooth pattern. 

The - quitania swopped her hospital ship dress for this dazzle scheme which is distinguished by bold serrations. Compare this photofjraph with that of the Leviathan, on pa> e 71, whose camouflajje desii n also featured saw tooth patterns. [Imperial IV ar il/useum)... 

In the REE series itself, a saw-tooth pattern can be seen (Fig. 1.3), which is due to the Oddo-Harkins-mle, that states that elements with an even atomic number have a higher abundance than elements with an odd atomic number (Oddo 1913 Harkins 1917)... 

Di-terf-butylindium chloride forms a chain-like polymeric supramolecular array, 93, with a saw-tooth pattern and In-Cl distances of 2.523 and 2.58 A [274]. 

Fig. 13 shows the dynamic friction coefficient during the reciprocating operation for each PFPE. The amplitude of the saw tooth pattern in the friction curve is significantly high for the Z-DOL tapes these fluctuations in sliding resulted from the stick-slip process and are associated with squeal and chatter. However, the dynamic friction coefficient was relatively constant and the stick-slip phenomenon is only slightly observed for the ammonium salt tapes (Lubricant 11). 

The impact of polymer viscosity on cumulative oil production and water cut are also shown in Figure 6. Obviously, the higher the polymer viscosity, the lower the produced water cut The saw tooth pattern in the water cut arises from shutting in individual production wells once their water cut reached 98%. The oil production rate did not improve with increased polymer viscosity since the... 

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