Saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy

Mayer, M., Meyer, B. Characterization of ligand binding by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1784-1788. 

Di Micco, S., el al., Differential-frequency saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy allows the detection of different ligand-DNA binding modes. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006, 45, 224-228. 

X-ray crystallography, docking modes can be validated by various NMR techniques NOEs may be observed between the ligand and the receptor protein by heteronuclear-filtered NOE spectroscopy [51], chemical shift changes of protein resonances upon binding can be analyzed by simulation of shifts caused by ring currents and electrostatic effects [52], and saturation transfer difference measurements indicate which part of the ligand is in direct contact with the protein [52]. 

Data obtained by ITC experiments were corroborated by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Signals that arise during an STD experiment are a... 

J. L. Wagstaff, S. L. Taylor and M. J. Howard, Recent Developments and Applications of Saturation Transfer Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (STD NMR) Spectroscopy, MoL BioSyst., 2013, 9, 571. 

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