Poisoning malathion

Baker E.L., Warren M., Zack M. et al. Epidemic Malathion Poisoning in Pakistan Malaria Workers // Lancet. 1978. Vol.l. Issue 8054. P. 31-34. 

E.L. Baker, Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet 1 31, 1956. 

Arterberry JD, Bonifaci RW, Nash EW, et al Potentiation of phosphorus insecticides by phenothiazine derivatives. JAMA 182 110-112, 1962 Baker EL, Zack M, Miles JW, et al Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet 1 31-34, 1978... 

Mutch E, Blain PG, Williams FM Interindividual variations in enzymes controlling organophosphate toxicity in man. Hum Exp Toxicol 11 109-116,1992 Nalin DR Epidemic of suicide by malathion poisoning in Guyana. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 25 8-14,1973... 

Glycopyrrolate, a quaternary ammonium compound, has been used with good results in a case of IMS after malathion poisoning (Choi and Quinonez, 1998). As expected, this predominantly antimuscarinic agent positively influenced bronchorrhea in this patient, but it is not expected to be of much value for the prevention or treatment of IMS symptoms sn ictu sen.su. 

Benslama et al. (2004) have reported two unnsnal cases of malathion poisoning with a rare-type of complication from intermediate syndrome arising 2 to 4 days after the onset of cholinergic effects. The symptoms were respiratory paresis with difficulties of weaning from assisted respiratory, deficit of proximal limbs, neck flexors and cranial nerves. The authors attributed this syndrome to prolonged inhibition of acetyl-cholinesterases and not to any mnscnlar fiber s necrosis. 

In another study involving malathion-poisoned human subjects, significant levels of malathion residue of 503-702 mg/L were seen, and this was associated with significant enhancements of IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-a levels in blood, whereas no significant changes in immunoglobulin levels were seen. This study thus showed altered levels of cytokines in the blood of mal-athione-exposed subjects (Seth et al., 2008). Kassa et al. (2001) showed that rats exposed once or repeatedly to three various low concentrations (0.8,1.25 and 2.5 pg/L) of sarin for 60 min in an inhalation chamber induced immunotoxicity. Nonconvulsive concentrations of sarin caused subtle suppression of spontaneous, as well as lipopolysaccharides-stimulated proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages. 

Seth, V., Banerjee, B.D., Ahmed, R.S., et ah, 2008. Alterations in immunoglobulins and cytokine levels in blood of malathion poisoning cases. Indian J. Biochem. 

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