Sampling devices for

The following experiments describe homemade sampling devices for collecting samples in the field. 

The results obtained by various calibrations in the determination of nickel and copper are shown in Tables 1.2 and 1.3. Table 1.4 gives the differences between sampling devices for copper, as determined by each participant, when these are significant at the 95% and 90% levels of confidence. Only the results of participants that had acceptable analytical performance, as measured by precision and agreement with contemporary consensus values for deep North Atlantic waters (Table 1.5), were used for drawing conclusions. 

Greenwoord R (2007). Passive sampling devices for advanced monitoring of pollutants. In Proceedings of the RISKBASE 1st Thematic Workshop, Lisbon, pp 101-103... 

Fig. 1.1 Aqueous Twister and purge- and-trap Tenax sampling devices for trapping volatiles...

Raymer JH, Thomas KW, Pellizzari ED, et al. 1994. A breath sampling device for measuring human exposure to volatile organic compounds in microgravity. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 353-360. 

Johnson, K.A. Naddy, R.B. Weisskopf, C.P. 1995, Passive sampling devices for rapid determination of soil contaminant distributions. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 51 31 4. 

Lewis RG, Mulik JD, Coutant RW, et al. 1985. Thermally desorbable passive sampling device for volatile organic chemicals in ambient air. Anal Chem 57 214-219. 

Design of Droplet Sampling Devices for Measurements in Cooling Towers... 

Bewers, 3.M. and Windom, H.C., 1982. Comparison of sampling devices for trace metal determinations in seawater. Mar. Chem., 11 71-86. 

Bewers, 3.M. and Windom, H.L., 1983. Intercomparison of seawater sampling devices for trace metals. In C.S. Wong, E. Boyle, K.W. Bruland, 3.D. Burton and E.D. Goldberg (eds). Trace Metals in Seawater. Plenum, New York, pp. 143-154. 

Notes The most commonly used porous polymer sorbent is Tenax-GC, although the Porapakand Chromosorb Century series have also been used Tenax-GC has been used with thermal desorption methods, but can release toluene, benzene, and trichloroethylene residues at higher temperatures in addition to Tenax-GC, XAD 2-8, Porapak-N, and Chromosorbs 101, 102, 103, and 106 have found applications, sometimes in stacked sampling devices (for example, a sorbent column of Tenax-GC — Chromosorb 106 in tandem) Chromosorb 106, a very low polarity polymer, has the lowest retention of water with respect to organic materials and is well suited for use as a backup sorbent... 

The TLC Plate Sampling Device for the Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer... 

Allan I.J., Knutsson J., Guigues N., Mills G.A., Fouillac A-M. and Greenwood R., 2008. Chemcatcher and DGT passive sampling devices for regulatory monitoring of trace metals in surface water, J. Environ. Monit., 10, 821-29. 

Noble JS, Strang CR, Michael PR. 1993. A comparison of active and passive sampling devices for full-shift and short-term monitoring of formaldehyde. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 54 723-732. 

Fricke, W., Georgii, H. W. and Gravenhorst, G., 1978 Application of a new sampling device for cloud-water analysis. In Some problems of cloud physics. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 200-216. 

Field Comparison of Ground-Water Sampling Devices for Hazardous Waste Sites An Evaluation Using Volatile Organic Compounds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990, EPA/600/S4-90/028. 

Hold, K.M. de Boer, D. Zuidema, J. Maes, RA.A. Evaluation of the Salivette as sampling device for monitoring -adrenoceptor blocking dmgs in saliva. J.Chromatogr.B, 1995, 663, 103—110... 

Figure 1.2-2. Different types of sampling devices for aldehydes, phenols and MDI, 1 = Tenax tube with gas meter and pump 2 = DNPH cartridge 3 = MDI cartridge 4 = Muencke absorber with gas meter and pump.

Figure 1.4-1. Scheme of a sampling device for PCDDs/PCDFs, PAHs and PCBs 1 glass fiber filter, 2 solid sorbent (e.g. PUF or XAD-2), 3 pump, 4 timer, 5 dust filter, 6 cooling unit, 7 flow meter. 

Destinorm sampling device for normal and reduced pressures... 

Answers to these questions have been developed slowly in comparison to rapid advances in our knowledge of air particulates based on studies completed in the late 1960 s. This is partly a result of superior sampling devices for size and chemical characterization of air particulates, and partly a result of the more heterogeneous nature of water particulates. The size spectrum of particulates in water extends from colloidal humic substances 1 nm in size, to large aggregates such as fecal pellets or marine snow with sizes up to 10" m. The distribution of shapes, densities, surface chemical properties, and chemical composition may vary widely with size. Some fractions of the size spectrum may be living, and all particulates are subject to diverse physical-chemical and biological processes that can alter size distributions, shape, or chemical composition. 

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