Samples, explosive other than initiating explosives

Chemical kit, 8, 9 Chemical sample, liquid, 6.1 Chemical sample, solid, 6.1 Chemical sample, toxic, liquid or solid, 6.1 First aid kit, 9 Gas identification set, 2.3 Gas sample, non-pressurised, n.o.s., not refrigerated liquid, 2.1, 2.3 Permeation devices, containing dangerous goods, for calibrating air quality monitoring Samples, explosive other than initiating explosives, 1 

Chemical kits describe any container housing small quantities of different chemicals used for medical, analytical, or testing purposes. The individual chemicals may exhibit one or more hazards, although they must be compatible with the other contents. First aid kits are convenient packages or boxes of medical supplies to provide immediate and sometimes makeshift medical attention. They may include multiple different materials, some of which will be hazardous (e.g., drugs, alcohols, mercury in thermometers)  

Gas samples are taken by equipment that draws the gas stream into empty vials or through tubes containing some absorbent that concentrates the sample. Many systems analyse the sample in situ using colour indicators, gas chromatographs, or solid state analysers. Other gas samples are transported in sealed containers for analysis, but they are rarely under pressure. 

A gas identification set includes containers of small quantities of various gases of known concentration that are used as standards against which to calibrate analytical equipment. Permeation devices contain small containers of compressed or liquefied gases that, on opening, pass through a gas permeable membrane at a known rate and constant temperature. They are also used for calibration. 

see Terminology, Solid, p.247 Toxic, see Toxic Substances and Division 6.1, p.255 ov Ammunition, Toxic, p.l9 

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Metal, see Terminology, Metals, p.242 Mixture, see Terminology, Mixture, p.243 Propellant, liquid, see Ammunition, p.8 Propellant, solid, see Ammunition, p.8 Salts, see Terminology, Salts, p.247 Samples, explosive other than initiating... 

A sample of fissionable material must have sufficient mass in order for a fission chain reaction to occur. If it does not, neutrons escape from the sample before they have the opportunity to strike other nuclei and continue the chain reaction— the chain reaction never begins. A sample that is not massive enough to sustain a chain reaction is said to have subcritical mass. A sample that is massive enough to sustain a chain reaction has critical mass. When a critical mass is present, the neutrons released in one fission cause other fissions to occur. If much more mass than the critical mass is present, the chain reaction rapidly escalates. This can lead to a violent nuclear explosion. A sample of fissionable material with a mass greater than the critical mass is said to have supercritical mass. Figure 25-18 shows the effect of mass on the initiation and progression of a fission reaction. 

Comparison of sensitivity to electric discharge with other primary explosives is presented in Fig. 2.21. Yeager tested pure TATP and found that 50 is 160 mJ (325 mJ for PETN). When calculating the probability of initiation at lower energies he found that it is statistically possible to initiate TATP at an energy level that can be generated by the human body in approximately 1-2 % of cases. Further, he found that unpurified samples are more sensitive than pure recrystallized ones [62]. 

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