Salt marshes tidal exchange

Roman, C.T. (1984) Estimating water volume discharge through salt-marsh tidal channels an aspect of material exchange. Estuaries 7(3), 259-64. 

There is tremendous geographic variability in the spatial orientation and connections of salt marshes within estuaries and of estuaries with adjacent uplands and the ocean (Fig. 22.1). This paper focuses on the salt marsh ecosystem and associated tidal creeks and not the larger estuarine ecosystem, which may include deeper and extensive bays and sounds. However, it should be recognized that some marshes, especially those that do not have freshwater inputs from rivers, have no true open estuarine area and directly exchange with the ocean. Salt marshes are linked to adjacent terrestrial environments through water and material inputs from rivers, groundwater and precipitation. In cases where the majority of these inputs first pass though the open... 

Valiela, I., Teal,., Volkmann, S., Shafer, D., and Carpenter, E. (1978). Nutrient and particulate flrrxes in a salt marsh ecosystems Tidal exchanges and inputs by precipitation and groundwater. LimnoL Oceanogr. 23, 798-812. 

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