Salicylic acid plant production

Effects of Allelochemlcals on ATP Supply. Allelochemlcals might decrease the ATP content of tissue by either increasing ATP utilization or decreasing ATP production. Some allelochemlcals that inhibit mineral absorption decrease ATP content of plant tissues. Salicylic acid decreased the ATP content of oat roots in a pH dependent manner (Figure 3). This result suggested that mitochondrial production of ATP was decreased in the tissue. On the other hand, Tillberg (38) found that salicylic acid and cinnamic acid increased the ATP content of Scenedesmus. Various flavonoids inhibited ATP production by mitochondria Isolated from cucumber (Cucumls satlvus L.) hypocotyls (54). Flavones such as kaempferol were more inhibitory than the corresponding flavanones. Substituted cinnamic acids such as caffeic acid were not inhibitory. 

Jones AM, Lindow SE, Wildermuth MC (2007) Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato and Arabidopsis Host Plants. J Bacteriol 189 6773... 

Traditionally, lead compounds have been discovered in one of two ways. The hrst is one of trial and error. This is the way many plant and animal products and minerals have been found to be effective in the treatment of some medical disorder. For example, no one knows when the hrst person learned that chewing on the bark of the willow tree [Salix alba) helped relieve pain and reduce fever, but willow bark has been used in many cultures for untold centuries for just that purpose. Today we know that the active ingredient in willow bark is a derivative of salicylic acid (CgH4(OH)COOH), which today is sold commercially as aspirin or one of its analogs. Drug researchers continue to rely heavily on the study of folk medicines—a science known as ethnopharmacology—for the discovery of new plant and animal products that may have medical applications in the modern world. Indeed, scientists have discovered that the medical... 

ROSS, J.R., NAM, K.H., D AURIA, J.C., PICHERSKY, E., S-Adenosyl-L-methionine salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in floral scent production and plant defense, represents a new class of plant methyltransferases, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1999,367,9-16. 

The isolation of strychnine (1), morphine (2), atropine (3), colchicine (4), and quinine (5) in the early 1800s from the commonly used plants and their use for the treatment of certain ailments might constitute the early idea of pure compounds as drugs. E. Merck isolated and commercialized morphine (2) as the first pure natural product for the treatment of pain (1-3). Preparations of the Willow tree have been used as a painkiller for a long period in traditional medicine. Isolation of salicylic acid (6) as the active component followed by acetylation produced the semisynthetic product called Aspirin (7) that was commercialized by Bayer in 1899 for the treatment of arthritis and pain (4). 

But unfortunately salicylic acid attacks the mucous membranes of the mouth and esophagus and causes gastric pain that may be worse than the discomfort it was meant to cure. Felix Hoffmann, a chemist for Friedrich Bayer, a German dye company, reasoned that the corrosive nature of salicylic acid could be altered by addition of an acetyl group and in 1893 the Bayer Company obtained a patent on acetylsalicylic acid, despite the fact that it had been synthesized some forty years previously by Charles Gerhardt. Bayer coined the name Aspirin for their new product to reflect its acetyl nature and its natural occurrence in the Spiraea plant. Over the years they have allowed the term aspirin to fall into the public domain so it is no longer capitalized. The manufacturers of Coke and Sanka work hard to prevent a similar fate befalling their products. 

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