Sales investment turn

C-D The cash-flow curve turns up at C, as the process comes on stream and income is generated from sales. The net cash flow is now positive but the cumulative amount remains negative until the investment is paid off, at point D. 

The chemical composition of the oil (especially of the lighter components) may receive considerable attention because this affects not only the miscibility pressure but also the predicted composition of the produced oil as a function of time. This information, in turn, is needed for major process and investment decisions. For example, how long will produced gas be saleable without upgrading, will produced gases be reinjected without separation, or when will equipment be needed to separate produced gases for separate sale and recycle ... 

This investment in R D can only be turned to profit if sales of the new product are maximized, and that requires a successful marketing strategy. The efficiency of this process must be all the greater when there are exceptionally long development cycles, an absence of market dominance, high product-failure rates and unpredictable, staccato advances in technology. 

Applications research cannot be measured by factors involving immediate return on the investment. This type of service is aimed at broad industrial fields, rather than specific customers and as such must be exploited over a longer period of time. Through applications research uses and applications must be found for old line, modified, and new products. This group must determine the needs of industry and try to meet those needs with old or new products. If a completely new chemical is needed to satisfy a requirement, the project is turned over to the research department. In this way, applications research functions as a guide to the research activities. Conversely, new products generated by basic research must be turned over to applications research to develop uses, markets, and sales potential. Just as technical service is the... 

For existing installations, the reduced cost for SO2 consumption needs to pay back the investment cost for the conversion of the cover gas installation. The payback time is dependent on the actual cover gas consumption. Based on an SFe consumption of 0.9 kg/tonne, the turning point at which the total costs of using SO2 get lower than the comparable cost of SFg is below 900 tonne/yr output. At 500 tonnes/yr the SO2 is still more expensive, but the specific reduction cost of 1 tonne CO2 eq. amounts to EUR 0.31. The share of additional costs in the plants sales amoimts to 0.04 %. Therefore at this capacity, the technique can also be considered. 

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