Saginaw Bay, Michigan

Giesy, J.P., Jude, D.J., andTillitt, D.E. etal. (1997). PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents in fish from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16, 713-724. 

Round whitefish, Prospium cylindraceum Saginaw Bay, Michigan, 1977-78, fillets ... 

Heaton, S.N., S.J. Bursian, J.P. Giesy, D.E. Tillitt, J.A. Revder, P.D. Jones, D.A. Verbrugge, T.J. Kubiak, and R.J. Aulerich. 1995. Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. 1. Effects on reproduction and survival and the potential risks to wild mink populations. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28 334-343. 

PCBs can move from local sediments into the avian food web, as judged by PCB accumulation rates of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from contaminated and reference sites (Custer et al. 1998). Patterns of relative concentrations of PCB congeners change from sediment to invertebrates, and from tree swallow eggs to nestlings (Froese et al. 1998). Dioxin-like activity (TEF) measured in tree swallow tissues could predict TEF in sediments and the reverse. Models of dioxin-like activity in the sediments of Saginaw Bay, Michigan, predicted that sediments were not harmful to tree swallows from that area (Froese et al. 1998). 

Froese, K.L., D.A. Verbrugge, G.T. Ankley, G.J. Niemi, C.P. Larsen, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls from sediments to aquatic insects and tree swallow eggs and nestlings in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 484 492. 

PCB concentrations have also been monitored in zebra mussels collected from the lower Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay, Michigan in the winter of 1991 (Endicott et al. 1998). The results indicated that the concentration of PCBs decreased in zebra mussels collected further away from the mouth of the Saginaw River. For example, the PCB concentration in zebra mussels from the mouth of the river was approximately 1.1 pg/g, while concentration in zebra mussels collected 20 km away was approximately... 

Giesy JP, Jude DJ, TilUtt DE, et al. 1997. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. Environ Toxicol Chem 16(4) 713-724. 

Heaton SN, Bursian SJ, Giesy JP, et al. 1995a. Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. 1. Effects on reproduction and survival, and the potential risks to wild mink populations. 

Heaton, S. N., Bursian, S.J., Giesy, J.R, Tillitt, D.E., Render, J.A., Jones, P.D., Verbrugge, D. A., Kubiak, T. J. Aulerich, R.L. 1995. Dietary Exposure of Mink to Carp from Saginaw Bay, Michigan. 1. Effects on Reproduction and Survival, and the Potential Risks to Wild Mink Populations. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 28, 334—343. 

Lake Superior -S- Lake Michigan Lake Huron -m- Saginaw Bay... 

Richardson, W.L., Smith, V.E., Wethington, R. (1983) Dynamic mass balance of PCB and suspended solids in Saginaw Bay- a case study. In Physical Behavior of PCBs in the Great Lakes. D. Mackay, S. Patterson, S.J. Eisenreich, Eds., Chapter 18, pp. 329-366. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. 

Concentrations near historical sources or in-place sediment sources are more elevated than open waters. These include most of the major harbours, and in particular Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron, Green Bay in Lake Michigan, Waukegan Harbour in Lake Michigan and Hamilton Harbour in Lake Ontario. Concentrations in these areas can be in the range of 2(C50ng 1 h... 

S. G. Turley, A.A. Pettis, and J.A. Fritz, Dow Chemical Company, Saginaw Bay Division Laboratory, Bay City, Michigan, personal communication. Data is reported in R.F. Boyer, Rubber Chem. Technol., 36, 1303-1421 (1963), Fig. 23. 

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