Safranic acid

As mentioned in Section IX-2A, binary systems are more complicated since the composition of the nuclei differ from that of the bulk. In the case of sulfuric acid and water vapor mixtures only some 10 ° molecules of sulfuric acid are needed for water oplet nucleation that may occur at less than 100% relative humidity [38]. A rather different effect is that of passivation of water nuclei by long-chain alcohols [66] (which would inhibit condensation note Section IV-6). A recent theoretical treatment by Bar-Ziv and Safran [67] of the effect of surface active monolayers, such as alcohols, on surface nucleation of ice shows the link between the inhibition of subcooling (enhanced nucleation) and the strength of the interaction between the monolayer and water. 

The acid-catalyzed degradation of VIII also proceeds by an elimination process, as is indicated by the fact that D-glucose and safranal (IX) are formed from VIII at the same rate as LXXVII is dehydrated to safranal (IX). 

R)-a-cyclocitral (155) was obtained in up to 33% optical yield. The latter was used to synthesize ( + )-(R)-trans-a-damascone (156).64 A rapid, economical preparation of safranal (157) involves acid-catalysed cyclization of the anilide of citral, followed by N-bromosuccinimide treatment of the cyclocitrals thus produced.65... 

Crocus sativus (Saffron, Safranal). Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its active metabolite safranal display neuropharmacological effects with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective activity. Safranal decreases quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, and prevents the decrease of hippocampal thiol redox and antioxidant status produced by quinolinic acid [242],... 

Sadeghnia HR, Kamkar M, Assadpour E, Boroushaki MT, Ghorbani A (2013) Protective effect of Safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus, on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative damage in rat hippocampus. Iran J Basic Med Sci 16 73-82... 

Tissue culture of saffron including somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration has been first reported by George et al [105], Induction of crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin and safranal synthesis in callus cultures of saffron-Oocws sativus L has been reported by Visvanath et al [106]. Callus cultures were obtained from floral buds on Murashige and Skoog s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid... 

Safranal [the aldehyde corresponding to (225)] is also found in Greek and other tobaccos. A related acid has been reported in celery seed oil Apium graveolens), but this paper is pointless since the structure was not determined. ... 

The glucose in picrocrocin has a jS-glucosidic linkage, since picrocrocin is hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohol by almond emulsin. Upon treatment with acids and alkalies, safranal, a doubly unsaturated aldehyde, is formed. 

Simon A, Safran A, Revel A et al. Hyaluronic acid can successfully replace albumin as the sole macromolecule in a human embryo transfer medium. Fertil Steril 2003 79 1434-1438. 

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