Safety performance transitions

RP 754 suggests that process safety performance can be measured through the use of four tiers of indicators. These tiers represent a transition from leading to lagging indicators. Tier 1 is the most lagging. Tier 4 is the most leading. They are shown in Figure 3.4. 

During the OCM RA, the RA team should develop a list of process safety measures to monitor during and after the transition to assure effective process safety performance is maintained. The measures should be relevant to the change being made and readily indicate effective performance or issues. Ideally, there should be some baseline data from before the change for comparison. Process safety measures might include ... 

Ammonium nitrate (AN) was considered early as an environment-friendly alternative to AP but its multiple crystal phase-transitions at low temperatures and its poor performance precluded its use. The nitramine-based propellants are also likely to emerge as potential eco-friendly propellants as the combustion products are non-toxic and non-smoky, although the present day nitramine propellants do not match the high performance and high burn rates of AP-based composite propellants [62, 63]. At the same time, high pressure exponent and unstable combustion prevent their application in large rockets due to safety considerations [20]. The inclusion of Al powder and other additives increases the burn rate and also eliminates the combustion instability. 

All blending operations must be performed in an area in which the temperature is maintained below the PTFE transition temperature of 19°C (66°F) and the relative humidity should be kept at approximately 50%. A high level of cleanliness and an explosion-proof environment are additional requirements to assure high quality and safety. 

Shipment Points and Receiving Locations Mitigate Optimize suppiy chain through a reduction in miies, reduce intermediate handiing, or use routes/carriers with iower accident rates Supply chain optimization could result in transit closer to sensitive population If new carrier or intermediate storage partners are considered, need to review their safety practices and performance... 

For supply chains, transportation flows enable products or components to change location, thus enabling them to be used at their demand points. The timing of these transportation flows in turn interacts with transport capacity and chain structure to impact supply chain performance. Given this interaction, the total supply chain impact of a choice of transportation flows has to include transport costs, cycle stock costs, safety-stock costs, and in-transit inventory costs. For each possible transport mode, there are... 

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