Fundamental Safety Concepts

Process safety is fundamental to the basic practice of chemical engineering thus, the concepts of inherently safer processes should be instilled in chemical engineering students at an early stage. Practicing engineers should be encouraged to adopt the concepts. 

In this chapter, it was my purpose to (a) recognize the many successes that have been achieved through the application of system safety concepts, (b) establish that fundamental system safety concepts can be applied by generalists in safety practice, (c) outline The System Safety Idea, and (d) encourage generahsts who have not adopted system safety concepts in their practices to commence the inquiry and education to do so. 

Principles of Plant Safety and Fundamental Concepts dCnNOa... 

A complex PEM electrolysis system with 100 MW is definitely more than a big electrolysis stack and a gathering of components. It must rather be integration of design, material selection and technical engineering on one hand and the interaction of electrochemical and electro technical subsystems on the other hand. Additional big-style production know-how, a transparent security and safety concept as well as an experienced and competent commissioning and service organization must be available. Paired with over 15 years of experience in research and development of PEM electrolysis these factors build a solid fundament for the realization at Siemens. 

Five fundamental safety concepts apply to any safety effort. 

Type A, relating to fundamental safety concepts and principles... 

The IPO principle could be also used for the software architecture in the microcontroller. IPO stands for input, processing and output. Based on this concept we now look at some basic principles for computer based safety concepts and the following fundamental questions for the microcontroller ... 

All four of the aspects above must be adequately addressed within the safety case. Fundamental to this concept is the idea of the justifiable confidence in the trath of a safety claim. This is referred to as the assurance of that claim. A safety case should provide sufficient assurance of all claims to permit the justified use of the software in the proposed role. If sufficient assurance is not provided, we say that there is an assurance deficit. This is an uncertainty or lack of information which affects assurance. AssuraiKe deficits are almost inevitable the question is whether such deficits are justified. An assurance deficit can be justified if the cost of addressing the deficit (e g. by providing additional evidence) is out of proportion to the benefit that wonld be gained from doing so. Section 4 provides further detail on this. 

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