Saccharides depolymerization

Maltodextrins [9050-36-6] are mixtures of saccharides with average DE values of <20 (12). They are rather soluble, have a bland taste, and are widely used in foods. A dextrin is a product obtained by depolymerization of a polysaccharide. 

Low-molecular-weight fragments produced by chemical depolymerization and extraction of standard heparin consist of heterogeneous polysaccharide chains of molecular weight 2,000 to 9,000. The LMWH molecules contain the pentasaccharide sequence necessary for binding to antithrombin III but not the 18-saccharide sequence needed for binding to thrombin. Compared to standard heparin, LMWH has a 2- to 4-fold greater antifactor Xa activity than antithrombin activity. 

Defaye J, Driguez H, Henrissat B, Bar-Guilloux E (1980) Some recent aspects of the specificity and mechanisms of action of trehalases. In Marshall JJ (ed) Mechanisms of saccharide polymerization and depolymerization. Academic Press, New York, p 331... 

Gums are tasteless, odorless, colorless, and nontoxic. None, except the starches and starch derivatives, are broken down by human digestive enzymes. All are subject to microbiological attack. All can be depolymerized by acid- and enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the glycosidic (acetal) linkages joining the monomeric (saccharide) units. 

Preiss, J., and Boyer, C. D. 1980. Evidence of independent control of the multiple forms of maize endosperm branching enzymes and starch synthases. In Mechanisms of Saccharide Polymerization and Depolymerization (J. J. Marshall, ed,), pp. 161-174. Academic Press, New York. 

Examples of Extended Saccharide Domains Recovered EoUowing Enzymatic or Chemical Depolymerization of HS... 

Some of the properties of dextrins may be easily and effectively modified. One of them is the solubility of dextrins. The hydrolysis of dextrins in the presence of a reversed micelle has been carried out as a part of model studies on the depolymerization of polysaccharides, and of poly- as well as oligo-saccharide waste, for the manufacture of ethanol and livestock feed. It was found that dextrin may be readily hydrolyzed in benzene by means of... 

The contribution provided by K. Dill and R. D. Carter treats a specialized aspect of metal ion-carbohydrate interaction, devoted to the use of C-n.m.r. spectroscopy with Gd and Mn in particular as shift rea nts and relaxation probes to study the behavior of biological carbohydrates that normally interact with Ca and Mg. A newer technique that will certainly take its place as a standard tool in pols saccharide structural analy is the selective depolymerization by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, here surveyed by Yu. A. Knirel and E. V. Vinogradov (Moscow, U.S.S.R.) and A. J. Mort (Stillwater, OK). 

Low molecular weight (LMW) heparins are produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of heparin, and have a chain length of 13-22 saccharides with a mean molecular weight of 4-6.5 kDa. LMW heparins act through AT inhibition of factor Xa, where only the pentasaccharide high-affinity binding sequence is required (22). 

Various dermatan sulfate derived di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-, deca- and dodeca-saccharide mixtures have been prepared and purified (on a semi-preparative scale) by controlled depolymerization of dermatan sulfate using chondroitin ABC lyase, The pathways of InsPe hydrolysis by phytase from wheat bran of Triticum aestivum have recently been established. ... 

J. J. Marshall, editor Mechanism of Saccharide Polymerization and Depolymerization (Academic Press, New York, 1980), p. 55. 

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