S ketamine

Reeker W., Werner C., Mollenberg O., Mielke L., and Kochs E. (2000). High-dose S(+)-ketamine improves neurological outcome following incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats. Can. J. Anaesth. 47 572-578. 

All IM bolus followed by IV (1) low DMT (2) high DMT (3) low S-ketamine (4) high S-ketamine (does dependent on initial intensity of effects)... 

Gouzoulis-Mayffank E, Heekeren K, Neukirch A, Stoll M, Stock C, et al. 2005. Psychological effects of (S)-ketamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) A double-blind,... 

Hartvig P, Valtysson J, Lindner KJ, Kristensen J, Karlsten R, Gustafsson LL, Persson J, Svensson JO, Oye I, Antoni G, et al. 1995. Central nervous system effects of subdisso-ciative doses of (S)-ketamine are related to plasma and brain concentrations measured with positron emission... 

Murck H, Spitznagel H, Ploch M, Seibel K, Schaffler K. 2006. Hypericum extract reverses S-ketamine-induced changes in auditory evoked potentials in humans - possible implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 59 440-445. 

Passie T, Karst M, Borsutzky M, Wiese B, Emrich HM, et al. 2003. Effects of different subanaesthetic doses of (S)-ketamine on psychopathology and binocular depth inversion in man. J Psychopharmacol 17 51-56. 

Adams HA. The use of (S)-ketamine in intensive care medicine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998 42 S212-13. 

Jaksch W, Lang S, Reichhalter R, Raab G, Dann K, Fitzal S. Perioperative small-dose S(+)-ketamine has no incremental... 

Donna s ketamine eyes dx hallway kadinyt to rise restroom looked like a tunnel stretehinjf for mites. 

Ketamine is a low-molecular-weight, highly lipid- and water-soluble molecule. As such, it can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier, producing a maximal effect in the CNS within 1 min of i.v. administration. Ketamine exists as a racemic mixture of the two optical isomers S(+)-ketamine and R(-)-ketamine. The majority of the hypnosis and analgesia produced by ketamine is contributed by the S(+)-isomer (Joo et al 2000, Muir Hubbell 1988, Redig et al 1984). A purified S(+)-ketamine pharmaceutical product is not yet available commercially for veterinary use and the possible advantages of such a product in the horse have not been established. Ketamine is 45-60% bound to equine plasma proteins (Kaka et al 1979) meaning that the maximal effect of ketamine is unlikely to be altered substantially by hypoproteinemic states. 

Due to its greater anesthetic potency and more favorable side effects profile, S-ketamine has supplanted racemate in several European countries [204], In a study examining the utility of the S enantiomer preoperative medication in pediatric patients [204], the enantiomer was given by the rectal route to 40 children with or without midazolam. Another 22 children were premedicated only with midazolam. The authors found that S-ketamine had no advantage over midazolam alone as a preoperative sedative, and that S-ketamine was much less effective than had been observed previously in a similar cohort of subjects given racemic ketamine. The authors speculated [204] that perhaps the enantiomers are absorbed differently by the rectal route of administration. 

Weber F, Wulf H, el Saeidi G (2003) Premedication with nasal s-ketamine and midazolam provides good conditions for induction of anesthesia in preschool children. Can J Anaesth 50 470-475... 

Huge V, Lauchart M, Magerl W, Schelling G, Beyer A, Thieme D, Azad SC. Effects of low-dose intranasal (S)-ketamine in patients with neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2010 14 387-94. 

Many case reports avaiiable, S-ketamine, if avaiiabie, may be used at even lower doses, though risk of adverse effects remains... 

Peltoniemi M A, Saari Tl, Hagelberg NM, Laine K, Kurkinen KJ, Neuvonen PJ, et al. Rifempicin has a profoimd effect on the pharmacokinetics of oral S-ketamine and less on intravenous S-ketamine. Basic CUn Pharmacol Toxicol 2012 111 325-32. 

---