Ruthenium ammonia complexes

Other reactions of small inorganic molecules are the oxidation of chloride ion at a Nafion electrode impregnated with a ruthenium 0x0 complex and the reduction of nitrogen monoxide to ammonia at a Co phthalocyanine modified electrode... 

The preparation of the hexaammine complexes of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium (III) salts are sketchily described in the literature. The preparation of hexaammineruthenium(II) by the reduction of ruthenium trichloride with zinc in ammonia is described briefly by Lever and Powell.1 Allen and Senoff2 carry out the reduction using hydrazine hydrate. The hexaammineruthe-nium(III) cation is obtained by oxidation of the ruthenium(II) complex,1 and pentaamminechlororuthenium(III) dichloride is obtained by treating the former compound with hydrochloric acid.1,3 This compound may also be obtained by treating the pentaammine molecular nitrogen complex of ruthenium(II) with hydrochloric acid.2,4... 

Mono- and Dinuclear Compounds. The pentacarbonyl is a starting material for mononuclear ruthenium carbonyl complexes. As outlined in Scheme 3, reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia yields a pale-colored anion solution (5),... 

Although some cyclohexadienes are readily available, many can be obtained easily by Birch reduction, which involves reduction with solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia, a source of solvated electrons, in the presence of alcohol as a proton source.8-10 In previous years, the Bouveault-Blanc procedure, which uses sodium metal and alcohol in liquid ammonia, was frequently employed for direct reduction of aromatic esters however, it gave rise mainly to the corresponding substituted benzoic acid.11 Rabideau et al. reported a modified procedure 12 however, in our hands, this resulted in the reduction of the ester function to give benzoic acid. We have found that the Birch reduction of benzoic acid, followed by esterification, is an efficient procedure for the preparation of the corresponding 1,4-dihydro compound prior to the coordination of the arene to produce functionalized dimeric ruthenium-arene complexes.13... 

Other experiments on nitrogen fixation have used transition metai compiexes of nitrogen.74 One used a tungsten nitrogen compiex with a ruthenium hydrogen complex at 55°C to produce a 55% yield (based on tungsten) of ammonia.75 Intermetallic compounds of iron and titanium have been used with ruthenium on alumina to make some... 

We also employed other ruthenium dihydrogen complexes for the protonation of the coordinated dinitrogen in complex (2b). Typical results are shown in Table 3 [21]. Ammonia is formed in higher yields (up to 79% based on tungsten) when dinitrogen complex (2b) is similarly treated with tra s-[RuCl(r -H2)(dppe)2]X... 

Formation of ruthenium(m) complexes by attack at co-ordinated amines promises to be a useful synthetic method. Recent examples include the reactions of the [Ru(NH3)e] + ion with aldehydes (RCHO) to give the corresponding co-ordinated nitrile, [Ru(NH8)6(NCR)] + (R = Me or Ph, and the oxidant is unknown), or the reaction with glyoxal, MeCOCOMe, in the presence of hydroxide ion to give the ion (45). From kinetic studies of the latter reaction, a mechanism is proposed in which the [Ru(NH3)sNH2] ion attacks at one carbonyl centre of MeCOCOMe, followed by further deprotonation of the cis ammonia molecule, cyclization, and elimi-... 

Ye X, Plessow PN, Hofmann P (2014) Alcohol amination with ammonia catalyzed by an acridine-based ruthenium pincer complex a mechanistic study. J Am Chem Soc 136(16) 5923-5929... 

The rapid reaction of the aquopenta-ammineruthenium(n) cation with hydrazoic add yields NH3, Ng, and ruthenium(iii) complexes, the ammonia produced being co-ordinated to the oxidized metal centre with the formation of [Ru(NH3)6] + compare the corresponding reaction with [Cr(H20)6] +, ref. 225. One mole of nitrogen is produced per mole of azide ion and the mechanism is considered to involve the co-ordination of the hydrazoic acid into the labile co-ordination sphere of the [Ru(NH3)5(H20)] + ion ... 

As they report in reference 36, Nishibayashi and co-workers succeeded in producing ammonia through the use of ruthenium and tungsten complexes. [RuCl(ri2-H2)(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2)2]+ (2) is reversibly generated from... 

A series of ruthenium compounds has been obtained by replacing ammonia by ethylenediamine in the complex. These bring ruthenium completely into line with the other metals of the platinum group as far as co-ordination number is concerned. 

A complex nanostructured catalyst for ammonia synthesis consists of ruthenium nanoclusters dispersed on a boron nitride support (Ru/BN) with barium added as a promoter (33). It was observed that the introduction of barium promoters results in an increase of the catalytic activity by 2—3 orders of magnitude. The multi-phase catalyst was first investigated by means of conventional HRTEM, but this technique did not succeed in identifying a barium-rich phase (34). It was even difficult to determine how the catalyst could be active, because the ruthenium clusters were encapsulated by layers of the boron nitride support. By HRTEM imaging of the catalyst during exposure to ammonia synthesis conditions, it was found that the... 

Ruthenium complexes with mixed bipyridyl ligands, immobilized inside a Nation film, may also be used as pH-sensitive sensor layers [90]. A completely different approach for a ratiometric imaging of pH sensor foils was developed for diagenetic studies of marine sediments, using the dual fluorescence excitation ratio of the pH-sensitive fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene-l,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS) [91]. Commonly used dual fluorophors with different absorption and emission maxima in the protonated and basic form for ratiometric measurements are the naphthofluorescein and seminaphthofluorescein derivates (SNARF and SNAFL) [92], It should be noted that ammonia or carbon dioxide can also be detected by some of these pH-sensitive materials [55,93]. 

Weber W, Ford PC (1986) Photosubstitution reactions of the ruthenium(II) arene complexes Ru(r 6-arene)L32+ (L = ammonia or water) in aqueous solution. Inorg Chem 25 1088-1092... 

Two carbonyl complexes K2[Ru(CN)2I2(CO)2] (from ruthenium carbonyl iodide and KCN)4 and [RuC1(CN)(NH3)(CO)(PPh3)2] (4) (from treatment of [RuCl2(CCl2)(CO)(PPh3)2] with ammonia) are known. Reaction of the latter with CO gives [RuCl(CN)(CO)2(PPh3)2] (5).49... 

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