Russia antimony

World reserves of antimony (5) ate estimated to be from 4—5 million metric tons. Approximately 80% of the world s reserves are located in China, Bohvia, Russia, Thailand, the RepubHc of South Africa, and Mexico China has the world s largest reserves. The United States possesses only 2% of the world s reserves. Most of the antimony produced in the United States is from the complex antimony deposits found in Idaho, Nevada, Alaska, and... 

Imports and Exports. The availabihty of economical foreign sources of antimony, mainly from China, the RepubHc of South Africa, Mexico, Bohvia, and Russia, has resulted in an increase in the quantity of antimony imported for consumption. Since 1986, over 50% of the antimony imported by the United States originated in China (25). The majority of the antimony imported into the United States is now in the form of antimony oxide. Exports of antimony, as antimony oxide, increased during the 1980s. 

Gold-antimony ores usually contain stibnite (1.5—4.0% Sb), pyrite, arsenopyrite, gold (1.5—3.0g/t) and silver (40-150g/t). Several plants in the United States (i.e. Stibnite/ Minnesota and Bradly) and Russia have been in operation for some time. There are two commercial processes available for treatment of these ores ... 

In a report from Russia, an increase in the number of spontaneous abortions was reported in women exposed to antimony in the workplace " Exposure levels were not available. No effects were observed in the offspring of rats given low levels of antimony trichloride in the drinking water. 

Migdisov A. A. and Bychkov A. Y. (1998) The behaviour of metals and sulphur during the formation of hydrothermal mercury-antimony-arsenic mineralization, Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, Russia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 84, 153-171. 

In 2008, the largest producers of antimony were China, Bolivia, South Africa, Russia, and Tajikistan. The United States produced some antimony concentrate at a mine in Nevada and some antimony metal and oxide in Montana. According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), other states with antimony resources include Alaska and Idaho. 

Although in Russia lead has been known for a long time, up to the 18th century the process of lead production was very primitive. After the invention of firearms lead was used for making bullets and the military importance of lead is still great. But in addition to its military uses, lead has many peaceful ones for instance, typographical types are made of its alloy with antimony. Lead is also used for protection against radiation in experiments. 

The world production of antimony in mines (counted as Sb) was 150000 tonnes in 2001, of which Ghina produced 135000 tonnes or 90%, Russia and South Africa... 

The United States is essentially without ecouomic reserves of a uumber of essential minerals. These include aluminum, antimony, chromium, cobalt, manganese, tantalum, niobium, platinum, nickel, and tin. Domestic reserves of fluorine, gold, potash, silver, tungsten, sulfur, vanadium, and zinc are limited. As far as the United States is concerned, metals of most concern are chromium, manganese, and cobalt. These substances are essential for a modem industrialized economy. Although global supplies are adequate for the immediate future, they are threatened by the potential instability of the countries from which they come— Zaire, Zambia, South Africa, and Russia and other countries in the former Soviet Union. 

Stibnite (SbjSj) is the most important ore for mining antimony. Another less important antimony ore is stibiconite (Sb Sbj O iOH)). Three-fourths of the world s production of antimony comes from China. The remaining one-fourth comes from Russia, South Africa, Tajikistan, and Bolivia. Even though there are still mineral deposits of antimony ore in Montana, Idaho, and Nevada, no direct mining operations for antimony are currently underway in the United States. However, some antimony is produced as a byproduct from copper and silver mining in the United States. 

There are five countries that produce antimony in the world, such as china, Tajikistan, Bolivia, Russia, and South africa, but China is the largest country of antimony production in the world. In the world, the antimony productions of 2008, 2009, and 2010 are 182,000 tons, 154,000 tons, and 167.000 tons respectively, but Chinese antimony productions are 166.000 tons, 140,000 tons, and 150,000 tons respectively. So Chinese antimony production was accounted for more than 89% of the world in 2010. It indicates that China have irreplaceable advantages in antimony resource and production all over the world. 

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