Rubber aging study

Rubber Aging Study Real Time with Ideal Storage... 

Being cut from tires, the rubber samples in this work cannot always be studied using standard test procedures. The specific techniques used to measure rubber aging have been described in detail elsewhere and are summarized below [2]. The same techniques have been used to evaluate rubber aging in both field and the laboratory oven-aging studies. For reference. Figure 34.2 shows a diagram of the internal components of a radial-ply tire. 

TG-DTA Characterisation of carbon black [149], flammability evaluation [64], polymer degradation studies [65], ageing studies [70-72], product control [77, 81], combustion performance [83], safety evaluation [83], antioxidation activity [68], pyrolysis of rubbers [82], thermal stability [67, 69, 76, 77], interfacial junctions in viscoelastic composites [78], weathering [72], vulcanisation [73], oxidative behaviour [79], materials evaluation [80], failure analyses [81],... 

The Arrhenius treatment has been applied to aging studies on rubber (13), to predict the life of a polyester-glass laminate (14), to predict product stability of a thermosetting resin alone and in combination with two additives (15), in permanence tests on paper (16), to multi-component systems in which the principal component is paper (17), and to study the influence of temperature on the relative contributions of the oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent processes to the total rate of newsprint deterioration (18-20). 

Anecdotal evidence suggests that rubber outsoles change over time leading to consumer perceptions of decreased performance. The purpose of this ageing study was two fold. First, the physical properties of a standard rubber compound were evaluated over time to quantify changes. Second, simple formula and process adjustments were made to see if it was possible to produce a rubber product that 1) exhibited... 

From previous accelerated and real time ageing studies, it is known that rubber compounds exhibit complex property changes over time (1,2). Oftentimes, this can lead to less than desirable characteristics in the rubber, such as increased stiffness, embrittlement, poor abrasion characteristics, and others. In thin latex rubber products, it is common practice to under cure the rubber. As the product ages, certain properties will tend to improve for a while before starting a decline. For example, latex rubber condoms are stored in hermetically sealed packages, which limit exposure to oxygen, ozone and UV therefore, their ageing characteristics are more predictable and less pronounced than tires or footwear outsoles, since they can establish a three to five year shelf-life (3). 

The temperature in the laboratory was fairly constant with an average temperature of 23.9°C and a standard deviation of 2.20°C. There were a few excursions below the lower 3a limit, but none above. For ageing studies in rubber systems, low temperatures would be less detrimental to properties than high temperatures and are considered of no significance in the present study. 

It should be noted that it is the rubber phase which toughens these types of blends and small losses of rubber through process degradation can be expected to yield a material with significally lower impact strength and tensile elongation. Data from a recent aging study of ABS at 710 illustrates this point. Analysis of the rubber content... 

Bodas, D. Rauch, J.-Y. Khan-Malek, C., Surface Modification and Aging Studies of Addition-Curing Silicone Rubbers by Oxygen Plasma. Eur. Polym. J. 

Patel, M. Skinner, A. R. (2001) Thermal ageing studies on room-temperature vulcanised polysiloxane rubbers. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 73, 399-402. 

Air aging for 48 hours at 100 C. does not greatly affect the room temperature properties of the TMO-AGE vulcanizate (Table VII). These conditions would seriously degrade the properties of natural rubber and thus clearly show that TTW elastomers, like PO elastomers, are superior in heat aging to natural rubber. Unfortunately we did not make an extended air aging study on the TMO vulcanizate to determine its long term oxidation resistance. One... 

The modified fillers were used in two matrices with different polarity the ethylene-propylene copolymer EPM and hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber HNBR. Elastomers were crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide DCP. The influence of the variously modified fillers on the cross-linking density of the vulcanizates, rheometric and mechanical properties of filled systems were investigated. The ageing studies (thermal, atmospheric and under UV radiations) were conducted. 

E.M. Dannenberg. Primary structure and surface properties of carbon black— Part 1 a study of four ISAF type carbon blacks of varying structure. Rubber Age, 98,82-90,1966. 

This chapter will explain the setup and methodology used for the field retrieval study. The physical and chemical analysis techniques used to study the oxidation of the tire rubber, along with the data analysis developed to interpret the results, will also be explained. Then, the development of an oven-aging protocol that attempts to reproduce the mechanism and rate of tire field aging will be described. 

The reduction in stress which takes place in a test strip of rubber held at constant elongation. Stress relaxation measurements are used in the study of the ageing of rubber vulcanisates, the degradation of the network structure resulting in a reduction of the tension. 

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