Roughening effect

Water serves as a base value in this test and sodium lauryl sulfate as a well-known irritating surfactant. Lauryl ether sulfate served as a substance with high sales volume and good skin tolerance. As was to be expected, lauryl ether sulfate scored only slightly better than lauryl sulfate. Sulfosuccinate values obtained were classified under little skin roughening effect. ... 

Both silicon oxide and alumina slurries can be efficiently removed on PECVD TEOS oxide or silicon nitride substrates in a conventional SCI or in a SCI without any water peroxide in the case of outcropping tungsten (see Fig. 5). When water peroxide is not present to continuously regrow a protective oxide layer, OH species can etch the silicon. In the latter case, the backside of the wafer must therefore be protected with a nitride or oxide layer to avoid a severe silicon roughening effect. Nevertheless to achieve the same particle removal efficiency obtained with a scrubber, power mega-sonics also have to be used (see Fig. 18). 

The efficient scrubberless alternative consists in using hot diluted ammonia in a specific bath with very high megasonic power. In this case, the backside surface must be protected with an oxide or nitride layer to prevent a severe silicon roughening effect from occurring. Then an HF-HCl dip enables the metallic contamination and damaged layer to be removed. HCl turns the respective zeta potentials into favorable conditions that limit the particle redeposition. 

These variations have been assigned to competition, during the passivation treament, between metal dissolution and formation of the passive film. The roughening effect due to dissolution increases with potential and produces a higher density of islands with less oriented ledges. On these submicroscopic islands, a stepped crystalline lattice was imaged on the atomic scale. A typical image is shown in Fig. 1. The lattice... 

The AFM micrographs of the control sample SI and sample S5 having the highest CTAB content with 5.0% (w/v) are shown in Fig. 2.9. The pristine PVP nanofibers have a smooth surface and a homogenously dispersed structure with a surface roughness of 139.76 nm, calculated with Nanosurf software, while sample S5 demonstrates the presence of CTAB salt ciystalline particles with a roughening effect on the fibers results in an increase in surface roughness by 180.96 nm. ... 

The zinc coating on galvanize steel was partially removed by abrasive cleaning, but there was no roughening effect on the surface. None of the other substrates were significantly roughened by abrasive cleaning when the correct abrasive material was used. 

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